Another week, another deluge of BS from the White House and from the Controlled Opposition. Not much has really happened, so with that noted, on we go.
On the plus side it looks like the Covid mask is slipping. A lot of places here are now saying no mask if you’ve been “vaccinated.” (And that’s based on the CDC, the governor has not dropped the mask mandate.) The COVIDschina goes on.
Justice Must Be Done.
The prior election must be acknowledged as fraudulent, and steps must be taken to prosecute the fraudsters and restore integrity to the system.
Nothing else matters at this point. Talking about trying again in 2022 or 2024 is hopeless otherwise. Which is not to say one must never talk about this, but rather that one must account for this in ones planning; if fixing the fraud is not part of the plan, you have no plan.
Lawyer Appeasement Section
OK now for the fine print.
This is the WQTH Daily Thread. You know the drill. There’s no Poltical correctness, but civility is a requirement. There are Important Guidelines, here, with an addendum on 20191110.
We have a new board – called The U Tree – where people can take each other to the woodshed without fear of censorship or moderation.
And remember Wheatie’s Rules:
1. No food fights
2. No running with scissors.
3. If you bring snacks, bring enough for everyone.
4. Zeroth rule of gun safety: Don’t let the government get your guns.
5. Rule one of gun safety: The gun is always loaded.
5a. If you actually want the gun to be loaded, like because you’re checking out a bump in the night, then it’s empty.
6. Rule two of gun safety: Never point the gun at anything you’re not willing to destroy.
7. Rule three: Keep your finger off the trigger until ready to fire.
8. Rule the fourth: Be sure of your target and what is behind it.
(Hmm a few extras seem to have crept in.)
Spot Prices
Gold $1831.70
Silver $27.54
Platinum $1257.00
Palladium $2980.00
Rhodium $27,400.00
This week, 3 PM MT on Friday, markets closed for the weekend
Gold $1844.90
Silver $27.53
Platinum $1232.00
Palladium $2949.00
Rhodium $27,600.00
Gold has broken out, but seems content to stay at this new higher level. Silver has not gone much of anywhere, down one cent. Platinum down (and it had to climb to close at this level today!). Palladium didn’t stay above 3000 for long, but perhaps it will punch through decisively soon, it too was climbing today.
Energy and Potential
(Part III of a Long Series)
Introduction
The general outline of this story is to start off by putting you “in touch” with the state of physics at the beginning of 1895. Physicists were feeling pretty confident that they understood most everything. Sure there were a few loose ends, but they were just loose ends.
1895 marks the year when people began tugging at the loose ends and things unraveled a bit. In the next three years, three major discoveries made it plain there was still a lot to learn at the fundamental level.
Once I’m there I will concentrate on a very, very small object…that ties in with stars, arguably the biggest objects there are (galaxies are basically collections of stars). And we would never have seen this but for those discoveries in the 1890s.
It’s such a long story I decided to break it down into pieces, and this is the second of those pieces.
And here is the caveat: I will be explaining, at first, what the scientific consensus was in 1895. So much of what I have to say is out of date, and I know it…but going past it would be a spoiler. So I’d appreciate not being “corrected” in the comments when I say things like “mass is conserved.” I know that that isn’t considered true any more, but the point is in 1895 we didn’t know that. I will get there in due time. (On the other hand, if I do misrepresent the state of understanding as it was in 1895, I do want to know it.)
Also, to avoid getting bogged down in Spockian numbers specified to nine decimal places, I’m going to round a lot of things off. I used 9.8 kg m/s2 last time for a number that’s actually closer to 9.80665, for instance, similarly for the number 32.
Revisiting Gravity with Vectors.
We now know something about vectors, and in light of that, we can go back a ways now to gravitation and take a look at it again.
The law of gravitation we discussed looked like this:
F = Gm1m2/r2
But force is actually a vector because it has a direction. This formula is full of nothing but scalars, so it only tells you the magnitude or size of the force vector, not its direction.
If you have a magnitude without a vector, then if you use it to scalar-multiply ia vector of length exactly one, you now have a vector of the right magnitude, because scalar multiplication changes the magnitude of the vector. And if that one-length vector pointed in the right direction, the new vector does too, because multiplying a vector by a scalar does not change its direction.
A vector of length 1 is called a “unit vector” and is a very useful part of the toolkit.
Sometimes it’s necessary to take a vector that isn’t a unit vector and determine the unit vector that matches it.
As you might have guessed, the way to do that is to take your vector, call it V, determine its magnitude, and divide it by the magnitude of V, which is to say, to multiply it by 1-divided-by-the-magnitude. (If multiplication is defined, so is division.)
There’s a symbol for the magnitude of V, and that’s to surround the vector by pairs of vertical lines, like this:
∥V∥
If you’re looking at a diagram, you can measure the vector off the diagram, but if you’re looking at something like [5,-12] how do you know its magnitude?
The answer is you square every element, add them together, and take the square root.
In this case, you’ll want the square root of 5•5 + -12•-12. Doing the arithmetic, you’ll want the square root of 25+144=169, which happens to be 13. So ∥[5,-12]∥ = 13.
This also works in three dimensions, consider [3,4,12], whose magnitude is the square root of 3•3+4•4+12•12 = square root of 9 + 16 + 144 = square root of 169 = 13 (again).
If you noticed something eerily familiar about this, that’s because this is also the Pythagorean theorem, the one about the square of the lengths of the legs of a right triangle equaling the square of the length of the hypotenuse. This makes sense, because the individual pieces of a vector are at right angles to each other.
Now that you have your magnitude, you can divide your original vector by it to get a unit vector. So [5,-12], turned into a unit vector is [5/13, -12/13]. That vector has a length/magnitude of 1. A more common example is [3,4] which has a magnitude of 5. The unit vector is a nice tidy [0.6, 0.8].
So a unit vector corresponding to some vector V is V/∥V∥. Usually physicists and mathematicians will write the letter with a “hat” on it (for example, Â) to denote it’s a unit vector, but unfortunately not every letter has a version with a hat on it available in unicode (at least not on this machine), so I’m a bit constrained here. You might have to get used to the V/∥V∥ long form.
So let’s get back to gravity. We have the formula for the magnitude, how do we turn that into a vector? We multiply by some unit vector. Which unit vector? The one pointing in the right direction of course. (OK, smartass, what’s that?) We know that the direction of the force on an object due to gravity is towards the attracting object.
Let’s call the force by body 1 on body 2 F12. (Note the order of the subscripts, the first is the attracting body, the second is the attracted body.) The direction of that force is from body 2 back to body 1. So you can draw a vector, r21 from body 2 to body 1, unit-ize it, and you have your unit vector.
Actually, typically the vector is drawn from body 1 to body 2, the opposite direction, so we will write the formula in terms of r12. That vector is simply the opposite of the first one, it’s equal to -1 times the first vector.
r12 = –r21. Which of course means that r21 = –r12.
So we can write our vector version of Newton’s Law of Gravitation at last. (Edit: found an r-hat character!)
F12 = -(Gm1m2/r2) ȓ12
Notice the minus sign, which points the force vector back at the first object.
Energy
OK, so now we’re ready to proceed on to the subject of energy.
This is actually a concept that turns up again and again (and again, and Joe Biden didn’t win), in many different forms, the most basic of which is “work.”
Work, to a physicist, is what is done by a force acting on a body through a certain distance.
If I push on some object (on a frictionless surface, or out in space) and it moves some certain while I’m doing it, the work I’ve done is equal to the force I applied, times the distance.
W = Fd
Note that the distance traveled might not be due entirely to the push I gave the object. If it was already moving in that direction before I pushed on it, I’m still doing work on it by applying a force to it, even if most of the distance it traveled while I was pushing was due to the speed it already had.
(The key words are “in that direction”. If it’s moving at a 90 degree angle to the push I gave it, it has zero effect on the work done. I will have lots more to say about this, further on.)
So as a scalar, that’s just Work = Force x distance. But force is measured in Newtons or kg•m/s2. Working with metric units, that’s N•m, pronounced “Newton meters.” You can break it down further, since a Newton is a “kilogram meter per second-squared”, multiply that by “meter” again for the distance, and show that a “Newton meter” is also a “kilogram meter squared per second squared:
Work is measured in: kg•m2/s2
This is another named unit, the Joule, after James Prescott Joule, who in the 1840s performed a number of experiments showing that the sorts of energy we’re talking about today could be converted to heat (more on that later). The Joule in fact is the standard metric unit of energy.
So here’s a simple example. On Earth, a one kilogram object falling one meter, has 9.8 Joules of work done to it by the force of gravity. Let me back that up with the math. The force of gravity on that one kilogram object must equal its mass times the acceleration (F=ma); the acceleration due to gravity on Earth is g = 9.8 m/s2. (Little g is often used as a symbol for Earth gravity. Don’t confuse it with Big G, the gravitational constant or fudge factor from the first post in this series.) The mass is 1kg, so multiplying 1kg•9.8m/s2, the force is 9.8 Newtons, pointing straight down. (In fact, “down” is defined as the direction gravity pulls, so no coincidence.)
This is acting on the object over a distance of one meter, straight down, so it’s 9.8N x 1m = 9.8 N•m = 9.8 J.
It’s not just gravity. As alluded to earlier, you can push on an object, a rocket can push on an object. So long as it moves in that direction while you’re doing it, you’re doing work.
If you start at a standstill, and continuously apply the same force to an object, its acceleration stays the same. F=ma, or more to the point, a=F/m. The distance covered, d is equal to ½at2 (where t is the time you spent pushing it).
d=½at2
So if a is one meter per second per second, after you’ve spent one second applying the force, you’ve moved that object half a meter (½•1 m/s2 • 1•1s2 = 1m) = 1. After two seconds, you’ve moved the object two meters (½•1 m/s2 • 2•2s2 = 4/2 = 2m). After three seconds, you’ve moved four and a half meters (½•1 m/s2 • 3•3s2 = 9/2 = 4.5m). And so on. Basically, in this case square the number of seconds and divide by two.
If your object has a mass of one kilogram, the work done in the first second is 1m/s2 x 1kg x 0.5m = ½ of a Joule. In the second second, though, you travel one and a half meters (bringing the total up to 2 meters). So now the work done in that 2nd second is 1m/s2 x 1kg x 1.5m = 1½ Joules. So it seems like the longer you push the more work you do every second!
That moving object is now moving at 2 meters every second. And you’ve dumped a total of two Joules into it, working on it.
After three seconds, the total is 3 meters per second, and the work is 4½ Joules.
The work you’ve done on the object is manifesting itself as motion. Work is a form of energy, so is motion. Both are measured in Joules.
So let’s look at this again, cumulative totals:
t = 1 s d = 0.5 m speed = 1 m/s work done and KE = 0.5 J.
t = 2 s d = 2.0 m speed = 2 m/s work done and KE = 2.0 J.
t = 3 s d = 4.5 m speed = 3 m/s work done and KE = 4.5 J.
Notice the KE and speed match up like this: KE = ½v2. But actually, that doesn’t account for the mass. If you were to push a 2 kilogram mass with twice the force, the acceleration would be the same, but the work would double, and the kinetic energy the work does would also double. So the correct formula is:
KE = ½mv2
OK, a quick sanity check. I’m saying that kinetic energy and work are both forms of energy. One way to check that, is to look at the units. Actually, more precisely, the dimensions (distance, mass, time, rather than meters, kilograms and seconds). If the dimensions are different, they can’t be the same thing.
So: Work is force times distance. Force is mass times distance divided by time squared. So, combining, work is mass x distance / ( time x time ) x distance, or more compactly, md2/t2.
And kinetic energy is mass times speed squared, speed is distance over time, so combining, KE is mass x distance x distance / ( time x time ). Gathering things together, it’s md2/t2.
They match, so they could be equivalent.
And indeed they are, though I won’t be proving that here!
One thing I haven’t mentioned is whether energy is a scalar or a vector. It happens to be a scalar.
OK, let’s go back to that other 1kg object, the one that fell one meter and thudded onto the ground.
Let’s lift it back up one meter, back to where it fell from. Let’s do it smoothly.
While the object is being lifted, its speed does not change. Which is to say, it’s not accelerating. So the net force is zero.
But we know that gravity is always pulling down on that kilogram with a force of 9.8 Newtons. So for the net force to be zero, we must be applying a 9.8 Newton force upward.
Since we’re lifting the object one meter, the work we’re doing on it is
W = 1m • 9.8N = 9.8 Joules.
None of this is kinetic energy, though. What happened to the hard work? I’ll tell you presently.
In this specialized case of working against gravity, you can use a fairly simple formula for the work done:
W = mgd
Where g is the acceleration due to earth’s gravity, m is the mass, and d is the distance. But that’s not quite right.
To see why, let’s go to another scenario.
You’re pulling an object, say a hundred kilograms, up a very slick (frictionless) ramp (you’re doing this because lifting the dang thing straight up is hard!).
And you’re doing it smoothly, like with the lift of the one kilogram object, neither accelerating nor slowing down on the ramp.
If the ramp is 2 meters long, can’t you go back to your formula and figure out the work?
W = mgd
W = 100kg • 9.8 m/s2 • 2 m = 1960 J.
But that seems wrong. What if the ramp is almost flat? Versus a ramp that is almost vertical? If those are both 2 meters long, the vertical ramp is obviously more work!
If the 2 meter ramp is at a 30 degree slope, it turns out that the top end of it is 1 meter higher than the bottom end. (Thirty degrees is a “magic angle” in trigonometry. And if that means nothing to you just ignore it, as I’m trying to avoid trigonometry in these articles.)
Intuitively, what matters is the vertical distance traveled. Not the horizontal distance. And if you think about what work is, it’s applying a force. No force is being applied in the horizontal direction, because the object isn’t speeding up or slowing down and there’s no external force in that direction either, gravity points Straight Down.
So you need a way to take your motion as a vector, and use only the component of the motion vector in the same direction as the force to compute the work.
Because your motion and the force you’re countering are both vectors.
So what is the vertical height of the ramp? I just told you, it’s 1 meter. So 1 meter times the force of gravity gives you the right answer.
But there’s another way to analyze this! In fact, it’s probably a bit better. You could instead take the component of the force of gravity, in the direction of the slope of the ramp! After all that’s what you’re actually countering by pulling on the rope.
Note in red, the vertical vector is now broken down into an up-the-ramp component and a perpendicular-to-the-ramp component. Because 30 degrees is a magic angle, I know the force up the ramp is half the total, or 490N.
Now it is entirely appropriate to use the 2 meter length of the ramp, because it’s in the same direction as the force you are applying. 2m x 490N = 980J of work.
This is why ramps are useful, by the way. You can counter the force of gravity by applying very little force. In this case, half as much. The price you pay is you have to apply that force over greater distance, in this case twice as much. You could reduce the force as much as you want, if you have room and material for a longer and longer ramp.
Dot Products
Gee, it’d sure be nice if you could do this computationally. Well, you can. You can do trigonometry to determine that 1/2 factor for 30 degrees, or whatever it is for any other angle.
Gee, it’d sure be nice if you could do this computationally, without trigonometry. (After all, you don’t want to have to pester a geek and OMG! make him feel useful doing the trig for you.) Well, you can, if you have the vectors!
We do have them. The force we have to apply is [0, 980]N. The amount of distance is 2 meters, but we need the rise and run from the first diagram to be in vector form: [1.732, 1.0]m
[Trivia note: 1.732 is the square root of three (rounded to three decimal digits). Like I said, 30 degrees is a magic angle, the legs with a hypotenuse of 2 are 1 and sqrt(3). It’s easy to remember the square root of three because its digits spell out Washington’s birth year, 1732. If you’re a coin geek you can remember that because the Washington Quarter we use today began to be issued in 1932, his bicentennial. If you’re just a regular geek, you probably don’t know Washington’s birth year, but you probably do have 1.732 memorized and can use it to remember that Washington was born in 1732.]
OK, we have our two vectors, F=[0, 980]N and d=[1.732, 1.0]m
Here’s what you do. Multiply the first elements together, then the second elements, then the third elements (if you’re working in 3D), and if you’re playing 64 D chess, do the same for elements 4 through 64. Just keep going until you’re out of vector.
In this case, I end up with first elements: zero, and second elements: 980N•m. Done.
Add those numbers (all two of them here, all sixty four of them if you’re Donald Trump) and get, 980N•m.
You didn’t have to do any trigonometry! You didn’t have to break the vectors down into components, not in x-y or even along some cockeyed slant!
What we just did was to take the dot product of the two vectors, in other words we computed F∙d. That’s the real, vector form of the formula for work.
W = F∙d
Now I sometimes use a dot to show multiplication, particularly when I’m showing multiplying two actual numbers, or units. I’m having to use a big fat dot here, to distinguish the vector dot product from the just ordinary multiplier dot. (Note: It shows on my computer doing edits in a file, it isn’t showing up in the post editor, and may not show up as a big dot when it posts. We’ll find out, sometime before you read this!)
There are two things you may have noticed.
One, I’m talking about the dot product, not just the product; as if there were some other kind of product. With vectors, there is. Don’t worry…you’ll find out some future week! (Evil laugh!)
And another thing…the result of a dot product, is a scalar.
Work is a scalar. Kinetic energy is therefore also a scalar. Energy has no direction.
OK, let’s have a little more fun with the dot product. Take some vector, like v = [3, 4, 12]. Let’s take the dot product of it with itself, v∙v
That’s 3•3 + 4•4 + 12•12.
Does this seem familiar? Like maybe we did the exact same thing earlier in this marathon of post, while figuring out the magnitude of that exact same vector?
Except that when getting the magnitude we went on to take the square root. With the dot product we don’t do the square root. So the dot product of a vector by itself is the square of the magnitude. So, here’s a rule:
For any vector v: v∙v = ∥v∥2
Another rule. If two vectors are perpendicular, their dot product is zero!
I’m going to make up a four dimensional vector off the top of my head (I promise, I just made it up off the top of my head):
[12, -7, 9, -15]
I can make up another four dimensional vector and know that it’s perpendicular to this one, without having to draw a diagram. Which is good because my supply of four dimensional paper is a bit low right now. (The COVIDschina has caused all kinds of supply chain havoc.)
OK, let’s just make the first element of the second vector 9, and the second one 9 as well. You could literally pick any numbers for all but the last one. Make the third element -20. Let’s hold off a bit on the fourth one, and call it x.
[9, 9, -20, x]
I can take the dot product of this, it’s 108 + -63 + -180 + -15x, combining I get -135 + -15x, which has to equal zero if the vectors are to be perpendicular. It turns out if the last element is -9, the last bit of the cross product is +135 and the total is zero. (I was lucky, I didn’t end up having to multiply by an ugly fraction at the end.)
So even though I can’t draw a diagram of these two vectors, I know, like I know that 2+2=4, that [12, -7, 9, -15] and [9, 9, -20, -9] are perpendicular, because their dot product is zero.
If two vectors are parallel, but of different sizes, the dot product will be the product of their magnitudes. For example, [3, 4] and [6, 8] are parallel, because the second one is just 2 times the first one. Take the dot product, 3•6 + 4•8 = 18 + 32 = 50. If you do Pythagoras on those two vectors, their magnitudes are 5 and 10, which multiply together to make 50.
And that’s as far as I can take you without trig. There is a rule that tells you how big the cross product will be in terms of the two vector magnitudes and the angle between them…but, trig. (Fortunately the geeks here who know trig probably already know the rule.)
Potential Energy
OK, let’s return to the 100 kilogram block we pulled up the ramp, lifting it a meter, doing 980J of work.
In this case once we stop lifting the object isn’t moving. So our work didn’t become kinetic energy. What happened to it? It became potential energy. It’s basically stored in the object, as if it were a battery. To get it back, we drop the object, pretending to do so on some deserving Deep State puke’s head. (Maybe we can lay their picture flat on the ground.)
On earth, at least, we already have a formula for potential energy. It’s the work we put into it, the mass times the acceleration due to gravity times the distance. Only instead of d let’s use h for height, because that’s in the same direction as the force.
PE = mgh
where h is the height above the ground. Its distance times force, and force is in turn mass times acceleration due to gravity, g (9.8 m/s2).
So the object has potential energy. If you want the kinetic energy back, drop it, but then the object is back on the ground and the potential energy is gone.
(Note that we’ve been behaving as if the ground is the place where potential energy is zero. In fact, your choice of where zero is, is completely arbitrary. Imagine dropping the object down a well. If the potential energy is zero at ground level, it’s actually a negative number at the bottom of the well. As it turns out physicists like to put the zero point at infinity, and you’ll see why in a moment.)
It’s almost as if you can swap kinetic and potential energy freely.
Indeed, in many circumstances you can. If you don’t have to deal with friction, and other objects getting in the way, you can do it. One place where this is true is in space, there you only have to deal with gravity. In our discussion so far we’ve ignored everything else, so it won’t be quite accurate–you won’t quite get all the energy back when you drop the object, because of air resistance, no ramp is frictionless, and so on, but in space, there actually is nothing else.
An object’s kinetic energy, plus its potential energy, put together are called the mechanical energy and in space, for some given object in orbit, this is a constant.
So let’s look at kinetic versus potential energy in space.
Kinetic energy, we know how to deal with. But there’s a bit of a wrinkle with potential energy. On earth we deal with lifting an object a short distance, and the force of gravity is effectively constant over that distance. But when in space, you are not dealing with a constant force. Gravity measurably weakens the further you get away from Earth. So PE=mgh won’t work as a formula for potential energy. Instead, when dealing with potential energy with respect to the Earth, it’s –mmeG/r, with me being the mass of the Earth, G being the gravitational constant/”fudge factor” and r being the distance from the center of the earth. And as always, our object’s mass is m. If r is set to infinity, the potential energy is zero. As you get closer to the Earth, the number becomes more and more negative, reflecting less and less potential energy. This formula is only valid above the surface of the earth. Below the surface gravity again decreases. If the earth were a point mass, the formula would be perfect (and the Earth would be a black hole).
meG is also known as μe, the gravitational parameter of the earth, and that is 3.98×1014 m3/s2. So our potential energy formula is now:
PE = –mμe/r = – 3.98×1014 m/r
The earth’s radius is 6,378 km (through the equator, not elsewhere, but let’s use it), that’s 6,378,000 meters. So at the surface of the earth, the potential energy of a one kilogram object will be -62,402,000 Joules.
So it stands to reason that if you can give a one kilogram object 62.4 million Joules of kinetic energy, it will keep going until it’s an infinite distance away, having traded all of its kinetic energy for potential energy and bringing the potential energy up from looking like a millionth of the national debt all the way to zero.
Whatever that speed is, it’s the escape velocity of Earth. Impart it to an object on the surface, and it ain’t ever coming back!
Remember:
KE = ½mv2
But this time we know the kinetic energy and we want the velocity. So doing a bit of rearranging:
v2 = 2 KE/m
So simply multiply the 62.4 million Joules by two and divide by our mass of one kilogram, then take the square root. The square root of 124.8 million is 11,171.4 meters/second. That works out to 6.94 miles per second. And that’s our escape velocity, at least as seen from the surface of the Earth.
You can do this whole thing again with, say, a 57 kilogram object. The potential energy on the surface is 57 times as much (a bigger negative number), the KE is 57 times as much, but you divide out the mass. So the escape velocity is the same.
Now, let’s consider an object in a perfectly circular orbit. It will have a certain potential energy. It will also be moving at a constant speed. The sum of the potential energy and the kinetic energy, therefore will remain a constant.
But this is true in an elliptical orbit, too!
With an elliptical orbit, one end of the ellipse is as far away as the orbiting object ever gets away from Earth (the apogee, or more generically for any body, the apoapsis), the maximum potential. The other end is as close to the Earth as the object ever gets, the perigee or periapsis. It has a lower potential, which means the kinetic energy must be higher to make up for it. And indeed, if you’re in an elliptical orbit (around anything) you will speed up the closer you get to the object you are orbiting.
And in space, with no friction and no objects getting in the way, provided nothing comes along and disturbs that orbit, the object will go on circling, swapping potential for kinetic energy and back again, with perfect efficiency, forever. The mechanical energy, PE + KE, equals some constant. In fact, it’s zero if the object is moving at escape velocity, since PE + KE cancel each other out perfectly at that speed.
Something that doesn’t occur to most people. If the mechanical energy is zero, it will always be zero, and the object is always moving at escape velocity, no matter how far away it gets from Earth; it’s just that escape velocity is lower the further away you get. It also doesn’t matter which direction it’s going. It could even be going almost directly towards Earth. It’s still never coming back, as long as it doesn’t come so close to Earth that it collides with Earth. The one other thing you can say is that the path it traces will be a parabola.
When someone asks “what’s the Earth’s escape velocity?” they almost certainly mean “at the Earth’s surface.” So give them that 11 thousand something. But it’s different if you’re already ten thousand miles up!
If the mechanical energy is greater than zero, it’s not only going fast enough to escape Earth, it’s got surplus velocity to boot. (And it will travel in a hyperbola.) If the mechanical energy is less than zero, it will eventually reach a maximum distance and start coming back. It’s in a closed orbit, which will be an ellipse of some kind, a circle being the limiting case (all circles are also ellipses). The lower the total energy, the smaller the ellipse.
So under a certain idealized set of circumstances, mechanical energy is conserved.
What about other circumstances? Mechanical tends to bleed off, and decrease, especially that part of it that is in the form of kinetic energy. Think of a pendulum, that’s another “ideal” case of swapping kinetic for potential energy; the pendulum swings fastest at its low point, and is motionless at the top of its swing for a split second. It’s clearly trading potential and kinetic energy back and forth, over and over. But a pendulum is moving through the air, and air resistance will take a little bit of speed off that pendulum, so it won’t rise quite as far on the upswing. Over and over again, the pendulum swings less and less and eventually stops. It would go on longer in a vacuum, but the pivot point introduces some friction, too.
Friction is the nemesis of mechanical energy. The more friction, the more energy bleeds out of the system (unless it has no kinetic energy to begin with, think of a rock on a mountain top).
What happens to things when friction is going on? They heat up. So mechanical energy is being turned to heat.
Heat and Chemical Energy
As it turns out, heat is yet another form of energy. Our friend James Joule helped figure that out.
Heat, it turns out, is measured a bunch of different ways. The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of water one degree Celsius/Kelvin is defined as a calorie; a thousand of those is a kilocalorie (kcal), or sometimes Calorie with a capital C. That “big C” calorie is what you count when you’re on a diet, a food Calorie, and since heat is energy, it turns out that a Calorie of heat is 4,184 Joules. Chemists tend to use calories and kcal because they heat water a lot, then convert at the very end to Joules. They have 4,184 memorized. (I had to look it up.) It’s easy to work with calories when dealing with water. How many grams of water times how many degrees C you heated it up.
Not only is heat another form of energy, it’s the garbage can of energy. You can convert kinetic energy into heat, like by the energy of impact heating up whatever got hit, but you cannot convert all heat back into kinetic or potential, or any other kind of energy, only some of it. So energy tends to accumulate as heat over time, and this process is not completely reversible, so eventually all energy in the universe will be unharnessable heat. This is a consequence of thermodynamics. We’ll be out of usable energy. That is an energy crisis! Fortunately this is trillions of trillions of years off in the future, so you’d better do your taxes, but still, thermodynamics is the real “dismal science” because it tells us the universe is running down. You can’t win, you can’t break even, and you can’t quit the game.
This is also why any generating plant that relies on heat is not perfectly efficient. You burn the coal to heat the water into steam, you use the steam to turn a generator…but you can’t harness all the energy you put into the water and turn it into electricity, because that energy is all heat. Some is lost to practical use…forever. In fact a coal plant engineer would do cartwheels down the hall if he could get the plant to 35% efficiency. Two thirds of every pound of coal burned is wasted.
There is also energy in chemicals. That should be obvious by now since food contains kilocalories. Obviously, you can get that energy out by burning things. But it comes into play in another way. If you are James Comey, and you finally got your comeuppance and you’re having to make little ones out of big ones while waiting for your date with the executioner, you’re taking a big honkin’ sledge hammer, giving it a lot of kinetic energy, and smacking it into a rock, which breaks.
It take energy to break a rock. And that’s because the rock is full of chemical bonds that have to be broken, that’s a facet of chemical energy. The rock lost energy being formed, you’re resupplying it to break it back apart.
And when you eat bacon, you end up “burning” a lot of that fat for energy, and that is a chemical process.
A huge part of chemistry is tracking the energy through chemical reactions, supplying some where needed, using it where it’s given off. And reactions that give off energy and leave the reactants with less total energy tend to be favored; chemicals like having very little energy bottled up inside them. (There are plenty of added complications here; I won’t trouble you with them, but they are the reason paper doesn’t just burn spontaneously at room temperature.)
Conservation of Energy
OK, let’s take these other forms of energy into account (and others I haven’t even mentioned). What then?
You find that energy is conserved. In a closed system it is never created from nothing nor is it destroyed, though it can be converted from one form to another. So we have our third conservation law. We now have mass, momentum and energy conserved.
And that is another part of the state of physics in 1895.
Potential
I want to drop one more concept on you. The concept of potential. Not potential energy, just potential.
Consider a rock at the top of a cliff. It has a decent amount of potential energy, right? Another rock right next to it twice as massive has twice the potential energy. Or you could find a rock of the same size on a cliff twice as high. The point being that the potential energy depends on the vertical distance and the mass of the object.
Sometimes it’s very convenient to divide by the mass. When you do that with potential energy, you get potential energy per unit mass, also known as specific potential energy, or just plain potential. The two rocks at the top of the same cliff have the same specific potential energy, the same potential. But the rock at the top of the other cliff has twice the specific potential energy, because the cliff is twice as high.
You can turn potential into “how fast will that rock be going when it hits the ground, if it falls off the cliff” because that does not depend on the mass of the rock. Gravity accelerates all things equally, because the more massive the object, the more the force increases.
And with orbital mechanics, the satellite is usually such a tiny fraction of the primary’s mass, we divide the mass out of everything, turn the forces into accelerations, the potential energy into potential, and just square the velocity and divide by 2, because the mass of the satellite never changes, and if it does, so do the forces on it, it’s kinetic energy, and potential energy all in proportion. You’ve seen a hint of this in g being the acceleration due to gravity, not the force due to gravity. It’s more convenient to work with since the mass really doesn’t affect velocity, acceleration, or position.
I didn’t bring this up gratuitously. Potential will turn ot to be an important concept down the road, particularly when we look at electricity.
OK, now on to our 1895 mystery:
What makes the stars shine? (Introducing Power)
This is a big one. Almost everything we can see in the universe is a star. The planets here and out there are an insignificant fraction of the visible matter in the universe.
So if we can’t figure out the stars, in one respect we don’t know Jacques Schitt (or Adam Schiff) about the universe.
OK, so let me try to summarize what they had figured out in 1895. The stars shine, actually, because they’re hot. In the same way that embers in a fireplace glow. But stars are much hotter, the light they put out is whiter (true even for “red dwarfs”), and they put out a lot more of it. Physicists had done work on this “black body” radiation and could describe it really well, though they couldn’t figure out just yet why stars (and embers) didn’t radiate more at even higher frequences (bluer light and even ultraviolet)
But something that is glowing because it is hot, is actually shedding heat that way. Eventually it will cool off, stop glowing and assume ambient temperature.
So really, the question is what makes the stars continue to shine.
And that is a very good question. In order for a star to not just go dark, it must be accessing the same amount of energy every second that it puts out in that second. If it’s getting less energy, it will start to cool off, if it’s getting more, it will heat up. Most stars are fairly stable, so there must be a balance: energy radiated must equal “fresh” energy used to heat up the star.
We are talking about a rate of energy consumption, naturally expressed in Joules per second (J/s). That, folks, is power, and is measured in Watts. Yes, the Watts you know from light bulbs. Chances are good you didn’t know Watts are a metric unit!
The sun, to take a well known example, is pumping out 3.828 x 1026 watts. It’s doing so in all directions, so our little dinky Earth 150 million kilometers away gets only a minuscule fraction of it. Some of it hits other planets, the rest just blasts off into space, a ridiculously tiny fraction of it will hit other stars and their planets and maybe be seen by aliens.
Where does the sun get the 3.828 x 1026 Joules it needs every second to sustain this?
Let’s go over the possibilities that people had come up with. Chemical energy? What if the sun were a gigantic sphere of coal and it were being burned?
Well, we know how big the sun is, and we know its mass. We know how much energy coal releases when it burns. (We know that very well, since our economy largely depends on it.) If the whole thing were coal and were burning to pump out that kind of wattage, it would last 1500 years.
Which means the sun wouldn’t last the span of time since the fall of the Western Roman empire. Well, we have daylight now, and had it back then, so…scratch chemical energy. There are things that release more energy than coal, but not that much more; we can’t get from the pyramids to today.
But we already know kinetic energy can turn into heat, so what if a lot of meteors are hitting the sun, continuously? As it happens, if 1.2 x 1017 kg of meteorites were to hit the sun at its escape velocity every second, that would be enough to do it. That’s 120 trillion tonnes of stuff, every second!
But there’s no evidence that there’s that much junk hitting the Sun. Some of it would surely hit Earth and meteor strikes would be a lot more common than they are. Besides, this much mass falling on the sun would add one percent to its mass every 300,000 years. Increasing the mass of the sun increases its gravity, and we, monitoring planets orbiting the sun, would definitely know if this were happening, because the planets would gradually get closer to the sun and speed up in response to the mass change. Each year would be two seconds shorter than the year before, and there’s no way we’d miss that.
Finally, the best suggestion…though not good enough…came from Herman L. von Helmholtz in 1853. He was one of the people who first formulated the law of conservation of energy, so you can be sure he took that into account when making his suggestion. Why use meteorites, when the sun itself could be contracting and not gaining mass? If the material at the surface of the sun is in fact still falling towards the center, it’s converting potential energy to kinetic energy which can heat the sun up.
Helmholtz calculated that if the sun were shrinking 0.014 centimeters every minute, that would actually release the energy needed.
That works out to a mere 560 miles (out of a total diameter of 864,000 miles) in the roughly 6000 years of recorded human history, and again, this does not involve altering the mass of the sun at all. That total is a lot less since the invention of the telescope; small enough we could not have measured it as of 1895. (We’ve had more time since then, and our tech is better. Maybe we could do it today.)
So it looks promising. But running the clock backwards, the sun would have been big enough to swallow up the earth in its orbit at some time in the past, and that was calculated to be 18 million years ago. That’s a maximum age for the sun and especially the Earth, if that’s how the sun gets its energy. If it were any older than that, Earth wouldn’t exist today.
And that’s not nearly long enough. Geologists had plenty of compelling arguments that the earth must be hundreds of millions of years old, if not billions. And evolution needed time to act too. The theory had been put forward in 1859, and biologists were becoming convinced. Those were two independent arguments against a less-than-eighteen-million-year-old Earth.
So we have astronomers saying the sun can’t be that old, and geologists and biologists saying it must be that old. Who was wrong? Well, there was tangible evidence for the old earth, against physicists and astronomers not knowing how it could work; they were basically arguing from ignorance, and they knew it.
So they were willing to believe it was old, but that meant they had no idea what was powering the sun.
And that applied to all the other stars in the universe, too.
What’s powering the sun and every other star in the universe?
No one had any real idea, as of 1895. And remember, most of the visible universe is stars, and we didn’t understand them, so we really didn’t understand much, on a weight basis.
Obligatory PSAs and Reminders
China is Lower than Whale Shit
To conclude: My standard Public Service Announcement. We don’t want to forget this!!!
Remember Hong Kong!!!
中国是个混蛋 !!!
Zhōngguò shì gè hùndàn !!!
China is asshoe !!!
China is in the White House
Since Wednesday, January 20 at Noon EST, the bought-and-paid for Joseph Biden has been in the White House. It’s as good as having China in the Oval Office.
Joe Biden is Asshoe
China is in the White House, because Joe Biden is in the White House, and Joe Biden is identically equal to China. China is Asshoe. Therefore, Joe Biden is Asshoe.
But of course the much more important thing to realize:
Joe Biden Didn’t Win
乔*拜登没赢 !!!
Qiáo Bài dēng méi yíng !!!
Joe Biden didn’t win !!!
“There Ain’t No Justice….dealing with WordPress….”
— Little Fish
Code Monkey always asks the right questions.
And then there’s this:
No really, if the Dems won not just the White House and Cabinet, but all those other contests, why DON’T they want an audit? Wouldn’t an audit just prove that their claims of voter fraud and stolen elections being mythical be proven if an audit is performed?
They can’t stand it when their position is questioned. I mean physical discomfort is obvious.
I check Nextdoor once in awhile for local neighborhood news. Today there seemed to be a lot of angry people now that the mask mandates are falling. Post after post from people who just know that only the unvaccinated won’t be wearing masks, so they’re not about to give theirs up. It’s just hilarious how brainwashed some people are. Well, actually it’s really sad. But they’re right about one thing – yes, this unvaccinated woman is NOT going to be wearing a mask. Just as I haven’t been all along, except to go in the grocery store and get my hair cut. I have better immunity than they will ever have with their poisonous shots. Strangely enough, no one was worried about masks two months ago when we had the ice storm and no one had power and trees were down all over the place.
The COVID Nazis at Trader Joe’s are melting down. Lots of salt to be mined on Reddit today.
Source:
Heh, heh, heh…..
In general, the more proggy the outfit, the more Karen-y the store.
Ain’t that the truth?
A certain mindset and personality lends itself to those kinds of businesses.
“We had several members have to leave the floor today in tears because we had so many maskless customers and one high risk quit and walked out. Not a fun time.”
____________
The emotion… the drama…
The thrill of victory, and the agony of de feet… 😂 🤣 😂
Unfortunately, our Polis state still has a mask mandate.
I rejected the whole man-date thing from the get-go.
Just told ’em I wasn’t gay, and they couldn’t make me.
👍 😁
Sorry, I’m in a committed relationship! LOL!
In a couple of stores in Denver area yesterday maskless. Not a peep.
Back in the day, I used to watch Australian Rules Football on late, late, late night TV. One bit of their intro was a guy running across the field to intercept a ball flying towards him. He was putting everything he had into the effort, and had just about matched speed with the ball, when you saw a goalpost come onto the screen from the left.
His attention was fixed on the ball and he was running to beat the band — until he hit the pole. All four of his limbs were off the ground, two on each side of the pole, then he slumped.
I could make a point here about inertial frames of reference…but the physics post is huge enough as it is.
Incidentally, my nose twitched at one point where you dropped something a meter and I suspected you should have dropped it a second…..but there is no realistic way I’m going to check it at this hour.
I skipped the part where the formula for how fast you are going after dropping a certain distance gets derived, but it wasn’t quite needed to get to kinetic energy from work.
I just watched that clip. It was so impressive in the day, it seems cheesy as hell now.
I liked it, probably because of the memories or nostalgia 😁
I haven’t seen that in ages.
Thanks for that video trip back to my childhood.
On another note, I have some experience with the mentality of people who get attached to misery.
Years ago, I worked in a facility that dealt with the long-term unemployed due to injury. Usually back injury, but not always.
These people, who had been out of work up to two years, were attached to their pain. To the point where there was no physical reason for it. Doctors were no longer able to help them. What we did was called Work Hardening, but it might as well have been called therapy.
What we did was gradually introduce them back to their regular work habits, but in a “safe” environment. We had great success. A few people left the program unsuccessfully, but not many.
What we are looking at now is the result of a year-long psy-op. These people who are attached to the misery and the psychological crutch of a mask (and yes, for many people, it is a crutch; the insecure, the ugly, the painfully shy) are going to be a while coming out of this. And some never will. We will see some in masks all our lives.
The best thing we can do is demonstrate for people how HEALTHY, HAPPY, and FREE we all are without the thing on our face. Live your best life, and be BOLD about it. Smile, laugh, and LIVE.
“And some never will. We will see some in masks all our lives.”
___________
Or all their lives, anyway.
Which, between the gene-wrecker shot and the mask, might not be long 😁
That is a sad and likely possibility, Scott. I only feel sorry for the children who have no say in the matter.
Me too, so much so that I try not to think about it.
Me, too.
“If you are not vaccinated, please please please do not use this as an excuse to come without a mask.”
_________
Please, please, PUH-LEASE don’t leave our cult!
🤣😂🤣
FACE DIAPERS FOR EVAH!!!!
We need to go back to the Olden Days when it was a rarity to see only the sick wearing a mask to protect themselves from the Herd.
FACE DIAPERS SHOULD BE THE EXCEPTION, NOT THE RULE!!!
Even better name… Luciferian Face Diapers…
😁
Luciface Diapers…
In other TJ’s news…. https://www.glamour.com/story/no-trader-joes-employees-are-not-trained-to-flirt-with-us .
I just about choked to death laughing…….
Please don’t do dat, Syl – we have been on pins and needles long enough waiting for you to return – Mkay?
😘 😘 😘 😘 😘
The article is almost a parody of itself (Onion territory 🙂 )…
And “Kenya Friend-Daniel“, national director of public relations for Trader Joe’s?????
Suddenly “Moon Unit” and “Dweezil” (Zappa) don’t sound so strange….
Morning Cuppa!
Top o’ the mornin’ to ya, Sylvia! Hope all is well with you, and your shovels are all sharpened and shined (and aimed at the deep state 🙂 )…
Hmmm. Do they detect magnetism? (Vaxx finders, anyone?)…
LOL very funny article. The tweets. 😂😂
I’m shocked at the lack of critical thinking AND commonsense in the world. It’s like no one has read anything – and relies on a government directive to live their lives.
They know nothing about masks giving no protection against “the” virus? Ignorant and naive. Both disconcerting characteristics in our society today.
They can’t figure out all the inconsistencies in the stories – where did all the flu deaths go? How come big box stores and grocery stores were allowed to stay open, but not other businesses – businesses that could practice safe cleaning and distancing just as well.
The saga goes on and on. But this has been a big crime against humanity whatever the “real” virus was, the response was political and not science based. Big Pharma got richer, and people died anyway.
People don’t think anymore. Every time I pointed out that this “virus” contradicted EVERYTHING we know about the spread and prevention of disease, I got shrugs. One woman I know had the NASTY flu bug that was called “COVID” ’cause so many people tested “positive” and she swore she caught it because one day she was in a space where someone had it without a mask even if that person had no symptoms yet.
I was gathering data from her for my own discernment on it all, so I didn’t laugh, but so many people just made fools of themselves and didn’t know it.
Sadly they still don’t know they made fools of themselves. And they never will.
I’ll be nice and not tell them.
If the whole situation wasn’t madding and sad, the meltdowns would be hilarious.
They’re still pretty hilarious, either way… 👍🤣
That put a smile on my face. ALMOST, makes me want to walk in the Trader Joe’s in Carson City, just to piss of the Karen’s and Ken’s.
I forgot all about Nextdoor, they kicked me off (banned me!) when I took on the whole neighborhood, and several surrounding neighborhoods that seem to be part of the same group, over ‘BLM’ yard signs 🤣😂🤣
It went on for HOURS, with multiple zombies taking runs at me, while lots of others took pot-shots from the peanut gallery, even had the race-card played against me so I didn’t miss out on any of the excitement. 👍😁
The next day, I was banned, couldn’t log in unless I agreed to not start anymore fights by speaking plainly or calling a spade a spade, and there was no way I could agree to anything as underhanded as that… 😂
Same here for me, Not getting the stab!! TBH I probably could get a medical opt out. I’ve never played the mask game with the retail folks. Sir need a mask, nope sorry all set.
But sir you need a mask….. I have a medical sorry…… oh okay carry on then. Usually end of discussion, if not I say okay and give them what I was picking up and leave.
Screw them.
Supposedly Palm Beach Police Dept. is going over the procedures necessary, in case they need to arrest DJT after a potential indictment by the Manhattan D.A.:
Palm Beach Is Preparing To Arrest President Trump
https://dailyheadlines.net/palm-beach-is-preparing-to-arrest-president-trump/?utm_source=Mailer-DH&utm_medium=email&utm_content=subscriber_id:31729702&utm_campaign=DH.net%205-14%206p
.
This to me, indicates the Bidenistas know they are completely illegitimate. The drama! The threat!
What sick, pathetic people.
I think it’s a gimmick to draw attention away from the audit results, the timing of when it comes into play will tell.
Indict him for what? Arrest him for what? “Inciting insurrection”? It’s some consolation that they still consider PDJT to be a major threat. They consider us to be a major threat and want to arrest “our leader.” It’s amazing that certain citizens of this country don’t understand the mindset of real Americans.
Heh. Roger L. Simon (formerly of PJ Media) has a helpful suggestion:
https://www.theepochtimes.com/this-time-israel-should-finish-off-hamas_3815825.html
Based on the title, they should have done it decades ago.
But the US keeps holding them back.
Well, they’re certainly not wishing them “have a nice day!”
https://www.zerohedge.com/geopolitical/israeli-airstrike-obliterates-high-rise-office-building-associated-press-headquarters
According to the IDF,
“After providing advance warning to civilians & time to evacuate, IDF fighter jets struck a multi-story building containing Hamas military intelligence assets.
The building contained civilian media offices, which Hamas hides behind and deliberately uses as human shields.”
Just who would be stupid enough to put your local HQ in a building full of Hamas Military Intelligence?
The Israelis were kind enough (and skilled enough) to collapse the building in its own footprint.
“…collapse the building in its own footprint.”
^^^ ALMOST as if IDF had already already wired the building with explosives. IDF simply waiting for the right moment to destroy Hamas HQ. The IDF air strike a cover story.
Then we learn about IDF deception nails Hamas in their rat tunnels.
Wiring a building like that *cannot* be done without the knowledge of the people within it. Lots of wire, everywhere.
That’s why I don’t buy the bullshit in re WTC 7
Now you’ve done it. You know they are going to hit you up with “they used wireless”.
Any form of special pleading to save The Theory.
Yep. Got it , and agree.
Knew wires were an issue when I posted. Did not think wireless for RF’s post.
Dropped in its foot print. By air craft dropping bombs or inserting rockets/missiles. Hmmm. I prolly need to locate a videon of that building going down again.
A third alternative? Not that I know of one, but neither of the two we are considering here make any sense.
I would also say, dropping a building constructed in Gaza compared to a building made in the USA is going to be quite easy. Building standards, if there are any, are not going to be very good.
I was impressed by dropping it in its own footprint. Knocking it over would be much easier.
Absolutely. Whatever building standards that may exist there, are quite likely largely ignored.
Dunno IF the building was “wired”. wireless or NOT. But that building largely “dropped”..
IIRC,noticed very minimal impact from “above”, if any. Watched that building video three or four times, looking for impact from above..
Building dropped, falling slightly to the right.
Perhaps a perpetrator, guided to maximize a vertical hit. Minimal lateral penetration. Straight down. Delayed detonation. Goal to drop the building, minimizing collateral damage.
Dunno. Doubt we’ll ever know. IDF knows. Bet they have “local” ground video, in addition to drone.
There’s potential for a third alternative as Steve suggested above.
There’s crazy, precise stuff….that I wouldn’t put past the Israelis.
For instance, shoot a missile through the ground floor into the wall of the basement to impact the foundation. Now do two, so as to hit the basement walls at the front and back of the building simultaneously. And detonate them both so close in time that the building didn’t pitch forward and fall into the street.
Or, far more plausibly, sneak a couple of “filing cabinets” that are filled with explosive into the basement and stash them near necessary supports, then fire any random missile into the basement with enough ooomph to set off the pre-positioned charges.
https://twitter.com/TheAntiPCProf/status/1149504234355752960?s=20
“woke word vomit episodes”…
Great word painting of the KommunistaReconquistaBarista…
Intelligence Community Keeps a Secret List of ‘Vaccine-Skeptics’ and ‘Election Conspiracy Theorists’: Sources (noqreport.com)
Not having read this yet, it seems very much like the PTB are purposely trying to frighten and silence people.
On the contrary, people must continue to speak up LOUDLY.
Not surprised there’s a list, there most likely will be one of everyone who hasn’t taken the jab.
The question is why they need a list.
“The question is why they need a list.”
_____________
Because that’s just what Nazis do, they make lists.
And check them twice.
Because they have a burning need to know who’s naughty, and who’s nice 😘 😁
And their patron, Satan Sauros, has long years of experience at this, having started as a Nazi snitch outing his Jewish neighbors for Hitler…
He’s making a list
Checking it twice
Filling the ovens
Makes him feel so nice
Satan(Soros) Claus is killing the town…
Could it be Satan!
I tried to register for that list, but they kept rejecting my application, something about how volunteering to be on their secret list makes a mockery of the whole effort.
So then I applied again… 😁
Nah, nah, nah.
You’ve got it all wrong…
You have to BEG them to keep you off that list…
Then you’ll be on it for sure 😀
..and we’re all on it!
might as well go for the trifecta
And Jeffrey Epstein didn’t kill himself!
We mustn’t have therapeutics. Repeat after me: we mustn’t have therapeutics…
https://www.barnhardt.biz/2021/05/14/gates-foundation-puppet-who-now-fighting-indian-ivermectin-initiative-along-with-merck-pharmaceutical/
“We mustn’t have therapeutics. Repeat after me: we mustn’t have therapeutics…”
__________
But… but I like therapeutics… even just saying the word therapeutics somehow makes me feel better.
Saying ‘vaccination’, or ‘gene-therapy’, or the commercial trade names like J&J’s Judas Jab, or Moderna’s Magnetic Meat Tenderizer, or Pfizer’s Pfony-Vax never make me feel as warm and fuzzy all over the way therapeutics does.
Therapeutics like the HCQ combo and Ivermectin are cheap, and effective, and they’re readily available, and because of therapeutics, I don’t have to take the horrible, no good and very bad untested, experimental psychedelic Gene-wrecker shot 😁
Me too…I like the word therapeutics!
And I hate it that people are calling it “gene therapy”.
The word ‘therapy’ implies it is something good.
When in reality…these jabs are covert gene manipulation.
Amen goes right there, Wheatie!!!
Gene-skullduggery… 😁
Google and Blogger are busy deleting posts of Frank Martinez at Catholic Monitor.
He is a journalist, btw.
They don’t like his posts about the covid religion or any CIA involvement in Catholic doings.
https://www.thecatholicmonitor.com/2021/05/google-is-censoring-catholic-monitor.html?m=1
Things seem harder to find. Only an hour ago I was reading a european blog about the suspicion that people around johnson had been deliberately infected with the fauccp flu. There was the same suspicion was that people around PDJT had, but a (admittedly quick) search couldn’t get me any of those stories now.
They scrub stuff all the time. I noticed it a few years ago. Now I pretty much do searches at specific sites and forgo the search engines.
But to know they are reaching out and actually scrubbing a person’s blog is infuriating.
This article from late 2019 is a very worthwhile read. The “Google Archipelago” has arrived. It gives a really good overview of corporate socialism.
“The public square outside of the digital realm has become largely irrelevant by virtue of the fact that everything’s happening in the digital square,” he said.
Thus, digital authoritarians have a growing power to delete people from public discourse and even from society more broadly.
“Their objectives are the effective political death and financial and social ruination of their political opponents,” Rectenwald says in the book.”
https://m.theepochtimes.com/the-endgame-of-big-tech-is-corporate-socialism-says-liberal-studies-scholar_3116949.html
SpaceWeather.com has an informative article on electromagnetic storms:
100 Years Later: The Great Geomagnetic Storm of May 1921
MAY 15, 2021 / DR.TONY PHILLIPS
https://spaceweatherarchive.com/2021/05/15/100-years-later-the-great-geomagnetic-storm-of-may-1921/
………………………From the article:
May 15, 2021: You know a solar storm is serious when buildings burst into flame. Sounds crazy? It really happened 100 years ago today.
On May 15, 1921, the biggest solar storm of the 20th century hit Earth. Around 02:00 GMT that Sunday morning a telegraph exchange in Sweden burst into flames. Across the Atlantic, the same thing was going on in New York. Flames engulfed the switch-board at the Brewster station of the Central New England Railroad and quickly spread to destroy the whole building. During the conflagration, long distance telephone lines burned out in New Brunswick; voltages on telegraph lines in the USA spiked as high as 1000 V; and auroras were sighted by ships at sea crossing the equator. It was a Big. Solar. Storm.
The outburst happened during the lazy tail end of Solar Cycle 15, an unremarkable cycle that was almost over in 1921. Sunspot numbers were low–but it only took one. Giant sunspot AR1842 appeared in mid-May and started flaring, hurling multiple coronal mass ejections (CMEs) toward Earth. In those days scientists had never heard of “CMEs,” so they were completely surprised when the clouds of plasma struck Earth. Around the world, magnetometers suddenly went offscale, pens in strip chart recorders pegged uselessly to the tops of their papers.
In response to the pummeling, Earth’s magnetic field swayed back and forth, rippling with energy. Fires were a direct result. Physics 101: When a magnetic field changes rapidly, electricity flows through conductors in the area. It’s called “magnetic induction.” Early 20th century telegraph lines suddenly found themselves buzzing with induced currents. In Sweden and New York, wires grew so hot they ignited telegraph papers and other combustibles.
Above: Headlines in New York newspapers on May 15, 1921.
What would happen if the same storm struck today? A 2013 Royal Academy of Engineering report summarizes the possibilities. Suffice it to say, fire would be the least of our worries. Modern technology is far more sensitive to solar activity than the simple copper wires of 1921. The same solar storm today could black out regional power grids, expose air travelers to radiation, knock out satellites, and disable radio-based technologies such as GPS.
Loss of electricity is often cited as the worst likely side-effect of a solar superstorm, but power systems are more resilient than they used to be. Thanks to improvements made after the Great Quebec Blackout of 1989, many modern grids would bounce back quickly. A more worrisome loss might be GPS. We think of GPS as our main way of finding things: ambulances finding accidents, pilots finding runways, and so on. But there’s more to it than that. GPS tells us what time it is, a service of atomic clocks onboard the satellites. In fact, GPS time is woven into the fabric of modern society.
[…]
“What if all these flying clock radios were wiped out, and everything on the ground started blinking 12:00?” asks the author, Dan Glass. Answer: “Nobody knows.”
Space weather scholars routinely call the May 1921 event a “100 year storm.” However, recent research (both historical and statistical) suggests that such storms come along more often–every 40 to 60 years. Either way, we’re overdue.
…………………….More at link.
So…I guess, yet another reason to maintain our preps.
I highly recommend having some oil lamps and lanterns on hand.
No batteries needed and they give off pretty good light.
Makes one wonder how far in advance they can be *reliably* predicted.
Only a few days, I think.
They can see if a big sunspot is about to erupt…and they can extrapolate the probable direction that it will take.
So I don’t think we will get more notice than “It’s on it’s way.”
😕
As I understand it that’s about right. They can say “more likely” and “less likely” but you can’t take that to the bank, because less likely events still happen from time to time, like this time.
A CME at the wrong time would have cooked the Apollo astronauts, because they were well outside the Van Allen belts, which shield us from a lot of the blast.
Oh, and I just decided to check on that last assertion.
Apparently the current thinking is that the command module had adequate short-term shielding.
But if the event had hit while they were actually on the moon, the two on the moon might have been killed, as the command module was up in orbit and couldn’t be reached except during launch windows.
Kerosene lasts practically forever. Make sure you have fabric wicks on hand, too.
You can pick up kerosene in camping section of stuffmart.
Yep, kerosene lanterns/lamps are another alternative. 👍
I’ve never used one, though.
Do they give off good light?
They barely gave enough light to do my homework back in my Little House on the Prairie pretending days.
I’ve only ever known them to be used with kerosene. What oils can be used to give a good light?
I use Lamplight Farms ‘Ultra Pure’ because it is smokeless and odorless.
It gives off pretty good light.
Not as bright as a light bulb, but pretty good.
I’ve used ‘Northern Lights’ (IIRC) oil (paraffin?) before, together with a clam-shell shaped censer, with a mirror on the interior bottom and glass as the top.
Plenty of light!
Thanks Em 😊
Thank you Wheatie 😊
https://www.lehmans.com
I have used their Lamp Oil for many years…and its much safer (and has no smell) than kerosene.
Being able to read is always my first concern when the power goes out, and two of their inexpensive lanterns are more than adequate for reading…w/o eyestrain.
Much appreciated Piper 😊
Yes. You can use more wick for a brighter light or less for a lower light.
Of course you burn your fuel faster for a brighter light. (See my post. 😀 )
I topped-off my rental at a gas station in NC where they had a separate pump for kerosene, after which I turned to Toto and said, “we’re not in California anymore….”
Along with the VeggieTale vid of Madame Blueberry 🙂
(They have an episode about Stuff Mart, complete with an oblique ref to “2001”)…
This must be physics retaliation for my post. 😀
Hey, not at all!
🥰
I got no problemo with your physics posts.
My eyes glaze over after a bit though…but that’s just me.
🤪😄
Yeah, I found myself covering a lot of ground this time. Trying to get it out of the way. Originally I was going to something else first but I realized I wanted potential under our belts first.
In 1859 we had a doozy, too, the “Carrington Event” which caused all sorts of issues with the telegraph network (at the time pretty much the only electrical anything. Something like that today would be…well interesting, put it that way! It was stronger than anything we’ve seen since, including this 1921 event.
I think the reason for this article on the 1921 event was because it was the 100 year anniversary.
But yeah…that 1859 event must have really been something.
I wonder if there was any seismic activity that happened then, too.
There seems to be some sort of correlation to CME’s and seismic activity.
But I don’t think anyone can say for sure what it is.
For example, when that big earthquake and tsunami hit Japan, there was a huge sunspot going on…it was a massive multi-spot cluster, iirc.
Yeah, I wasn’t trivializing the 1921 event, just adding to the seriousness of the general issue.
At least today we can “see” them before they hit even if it’s only 1-5 days warning, depending.
Some time ago, I saw an article that posited that the reason the Carrington Event was so extreme was because the CME acted as a laser and emitted directed energy along its axis.
I wonder how much we can really know about it, to be honest.
We only know that it happened at all because of telegraph operators getting zapped, etc. We certainly couldn’t “see” the thing happen in real time and realize what was going on. Was it just BIG or focused like your article is saying? How can we actually know when the only data we have is telegraph lines becoming electrified?
“What if all these flying clock radios were wiped out, and everything on the ground started blinking 12:00?” asks the author, Dan Glass. Answer: “Nobody knows.”
____________
Hopefully we could find and excavate an ancient sun dial, you know, the way we used to tell time, before satellites became common… 😂😂🤣
My watch is quartz crystal and provided the battery doesn’t conk out, keeps better time than some of those old “atomic” watches that relied on a radio signal from WWV. If those things lost the signal their accuracy was crap.
All kinds of non-electric help
https://www.lehmans.com
EXCLUSIVE: Goebbels-style “ministry of propaganda” tactics on display as ad agency promotes deadly Covid vaccines with manipulative, cunning slogans for buttons and t-shirts
.
Oh, those Nazis were very cunning, that is for sure. The Jews of Nazi Germany were not dumb, they just never saw it coming. Propaganda is a very powerful machine, and the psychology of sales was instrumental in wiping out half of all Jewish people on planet Earth. That was then. This is now:
.
The new scapegoat “Jews” are everyone who is choosing not to be vaccinated with the prion-creating Covid jabs, and our extermination is being called for in a ‘happy-go-lucky’ fashion, with catchy little sayings about getting vaccinated that are published and printed on everything from coffee mugs and t-shirts, to bumper stickers and brainwashing buttons to wear on your lapel.
.
https://www.naturalnews.com/2021-05-14-goebbels-style-ministry-of-propaganda-tactics-on-display.html
Goebbels learned his techniques from Americans who had been using them on Americans for a few decades before he started operating.
I hate it when that man is named as being something other than a copy cat. 1910-1930 were the years propaganda techniques were distilled.
Bernays.
Among others.
I’d love to make Faux-Xi wear it for the whole following day, and then give him the “Q-Tip brain-tickle-test four or five times in a row (just to be sure, doncha know) to see what he’d picked up… then again, he probably doesn’t have any brain to tickle.
Puppets don’t have brains…..
I’d like to see him pinned down on a rough hewn table with ten penny nails or railroad spike and masks super glued to every inch of his body, then open the trachea and surgical masks in there …. and …
Having Transylvanian/Carpathian Saxon German heritage I’m only moderately intense ..
.. 😃👍‼️
You have Transylvanian/Carpathian Saxon German heritage
the same heritage my husband has . That explains much to me 😂
…. 😮 … 🤭 … 🤫 … 🦇🦇🦇 ..
I’m working at being nicer, sometimes.. well …. not so much
My ancestry is colorful too. And yet people insist on pissing me off…
I know all about it 🙂
Something on the order of 😀
The billiard sharp who any one catches,
His doom’s extremely hard —
He’s made to dwell —
In a dungeon cell
On a spot that’s always barred.
And there he plays extravagant matches
In fitless finger-stalls
On a cloth untrue
With a twisted cue
And elliptical billiard balls!
(from The Mikado, by Gilbert and Sullivan)…
Who elected Fauci and why does he have so much power over little kids when parents are in charge of their children?
Why is no parent fighting this or say not many parents fighting this?
Parents unite and fight this dangerous man.
Catturd
@Catturd
7m
·
Good morning to everyone except the mask cultists.
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9580593/Donald-Trump-hopes-launch-social-media-platform-July-4.html
I hope the rumor is true
Don’t forget…the ‘virus’ was used to steal the election.
It was used as the excuse for Mail-In Voting.
So it is a multi-use weapon — for the Commie Dems and their globalist masters.
And…J҉o҉e҉ ҉B҉i҉d҉e҉n҉ ҉d҉i҉d҉n҉’҉t҉ ҉w҉i҉n҉.҉
https://twitter.com/jordylancaster/status/1393286220449566722
😳
I can’t tell if this was for real, or a parody.
They are their own parody.
Parody for the sane, reality for the “woke.”
Dual purpose video.
Okay who has the cattle prods … 🤨⁉️ …
Verse of the Day for Saturday, May 15, 2021
✟
“Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity!”
Psalms 133:1 (KJV)
Thank You, Jesus, for blessings received and prayers answered!!!
BE MY VOICE
PRAYING ON THE ARMOR OF GOD
Father God, I now follow your command to put on the full armor of God, because my battle is not against flesh and blood but against rulers, authorities, the powers of this dark world and against spiritual forces of evil in the unseen world.
I first pray on the Belt of Truth that it may be buckled around my waist, may I be centered and encircled by your truth dear Lord. Hem me inside all that is true and right, and may I be protected and held up by the truth of your living word, in my Lord Jesus name.
I pray on the Breastplate of righteousness, please protect my vital organs and my inner man, cover my integrity, my spirit, and my soul. Guard my heart for it is the wellspring of life, please strengthen and guard the most vulnerable places in my life with that which is right, good, and noble that I might not receive a fatal blow from the enemy, in my Lord Jesus name.
I pray on the Gospel Shoes of Peace. I choose to stand in the shoes of your good news, and on the firm foundation of my Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, the solid eternal rock. All other ground is sinking sand, I pray that I will not slip or fall, but that my feet would be firmly fitted on your lordship, my Lord Jesus. I choose to stand on you, so that the peace of God, which transcends all understanding will guard my heart and mind in Christ Jesus, the eternal Rock of Ages. I receive your holy peace now my Lord, from the sole of my feet to the crown of my head, in my Lord Jesus name.
I pray the Shield of Faith into my hand now. As I take up the shield of faith, I ask that you might extinguish every dart and arrow, that is launched from the enemy to take me down spiritually, physically, mentally, emotionally, and every attempt of the enemy to destroy my joy. I ask that my faith in you would make it flame out. Extinguish every flaming arrow that would come against me, my life, my family, my home, or my ministry. May my faith always be out in front of me like a shield. Give me the courage to “faith my fears” by choosing to walk by faith and not by sight, in my Lord Jesus name.
I pray on the Helmet of Salvation, that you might protect my mind from the thoughts that can lead me astray. I choose to take every thought captive, and arrest all intentioned ideas and motives that would harm others, or distract me from your holy will for me. I submit every captured thought to the Lordship of my Lord Jesus Christ, and ask that you would imprison those thoughts that are not of you my Lord. Transform my mind and renew my thinking that I may think God thoughts, and have a sober mind that is focused on your glory. Please protect me from being double minded that I may allow my mind, I reject to live an earthly life, because I choose to live a holy one, governed by you My Lord Jesus, the prince of peace, please have my mind to be saturated with the holy mind of Christ, in my Lord Jesus name.
Finally, I take up the Sword of the Spirit which is the holy word of God, I pray this powerful offensive weapon into my hand, and ask that your holy word would be fitting for every encounter I face. As the enemy gets close to me, please give me the insight, wisdom, and skill to wield the word of God to drive away the enemy, in my Lord Jesus name.
May the enemy and his team flee from me, upon hearing the word of God spoken by the power and direction of the Holy Spirit. Give me the sword of the spirit to cut through the wiles of the devil, so that I may discern the schemes of the enemy when he is near.
With all kinds of prayers, supplication, and intercession I pray to you my Lord God as the one who fights my battles. Now that I’m in your holy powerful armor, I walk away covered and ready to face my day as you go before me, and please protect me in the midst of the spiritual warfare in this unseen world, in my Lord Jesus name.
Thank you my Lord, for the spiritual weapons of armor and prayer that you have given me. It is written no weapon formed against me shall prosper, and you will refute every tongue that accuses me.
Thank you Father God, my Lord Jesus and the Holy Spirit, that I am more than a conqueror in my Lord Jesus. I pray all of this in the mighty name of my Lord God and Savior Jesus Christ, amen.
💟🙏💟
Vaccine Virtue Signaling And The Cult Of Woke – The Burning Platform
Good article!
I was going to post this, too! Good article!
This mornings scare story….
“Experts warn vaccines are ‘almost certainly less effective’ at reducing transmission of Indian variant while BMA urges ‘utmost caution’ with easing of lockdown as Boris sends Army into Covid hotspots amid warnings of 1,000 deaths a day by summer”
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9581581/Experts-warn-vaccines-effective-reducing-transmission-Indian-variant.html
Deaths per million is the way to compare countries of different size.
Cumulative confirmed COVID-19 deaths per million people, May 14, 2021
UK 1884
India 192
https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus/country/india#what-is-the-cumulative-number-of-confirmed-deaths
And I’ll add to that. If those numbers are incorrect (world wide) then it’s the respective governments shot themselves in the foot for fudging their numbers upwards, they cannot have it both ways.
H/T JUSTSTEVIE
The HABIT of RISING to the OCCASION
“That ye may know what is the hope of His calling….” Eph. i. 18
Remember what you are saved for – that the Son of God might be manifested in your mortal flesh. Bend the whole energy of your powers to realize your election as a child of God; rise to the occasion every time.
You cannot do anything for your salvation, but you must do something to manifest it, you must work out what God has worked in. Are you working it out with your tongue, and your brain and your nerves? If you are still the same miserable crosspatch, set on your own way, then it is a lie to say that God has saved and sanctified you.
God is the Master Engineer, He allows the difficulties to come in order to see if you can vault over them properly – “By my God have I leaped over a wall.” God will never shield you from any of the requirements of a son or daughter of His. Peter says – “Think it not strange concerning the fiery trial which is to try you.” Rise to the occasion; do the thing. It does not matter how it hurts as long as it gives God the chance to manifest Himself in your mortal flesh.
May God not find the whine in us anymore, but may He find us full of spiritual pluck and athleticism, ready to face anything He brings. We have to exercise ourselves in order that the Son of God may be manifested in our mortal flesh. God never has museums. The only aim of the life is that the Son of God may be manifested, and all dictation to God vanishes. Our Lord never dictated to His Father, and we are not here to dictate to God; we are here to submit to His will so that He may work through us what He wants. When we realize this, He will make us broken bread and poured-out wine to feed and nourish others.
Oswald Chambers
May 15th Devotional
Van Morrison blacklisted for wrong thinking on his latest album. He doesn’t like the media or lockdowns. A rebel and an artist.
https://www.breitbart.com/entertainment/2021/05/10/nolte-van-morrison-being-blacklisted-for-anti-media-song/
Somehow Van Morrison wasn’t someone I heard or listened to as a kid, among all the other classic rock that I did listen to. My friends and I, practically everybody we knew, listened to 60s and 70s music, not the 80s music that was new at the time. The only song by Van Morrison that I knew was Brown Eyed Girl, and I probably didn’t even know it was by Van Morrison at the time.
But when I was in college, one of my good friends ‘discovered’ Van Morrison, and said I had to come over and hear it.
I remember I didn’t really feel like it at the time, but I went.
Turned out all the lights, turned up the stereo, found the ‘sweet spot’ between the speakers, and I heard the album Moondance for the very first time.
I couldn’t believe I had never heard the album before!
One amazing song after another, the whole first side.
I think Into the Mystic is my favorite 😁
.
And then I discovered Van Morrison’s other early albums. His Band and the Street Choir album became my next favorite, released in 1970, the same year as Moondance.
Neat, Scott!!! Thanks for the story!!!
It’s crazy to think that when I first heard those songs, they were already about 17 or 18 years old at the time… and it’s been more than 30 years since then! 😲
And it still sounds great, like the first day I heard it 😁
Quite crazy, Scott!!! Music has a way of affecting our lives long after it is popular.
@RealGenFlynn
https://t.me/RealGenFlynn/29
My question:
Who is advising REALPOTUS to make these endorsements?
Is Mark Meadows still part of his team?
Who doesn’t see that this is a SET UP for a public discussion on ditching RINOs nationwide? Read through General Flynn’s words again.
Lastly, it is dangerous enough to have committed marxists and communists seeking to destroy our nation. It is even more dangerous to have long-in-the-tooth establishment politicians who double-speak when it suits them. It only serves their purposes, and confuses the people of South Carolina and our great nation.
A message to President Trump: If the United States is to have a chance of being restored to its greatness (MAGA), we CANNOT continue along with“business as usual.” We must reject the failed policies and attitudes of these BIG-BRITCHES party bosses and politicians. We MUST choose humble, confident leaders who put the needs of their constituents above themselves – just like you have done, Mr. President and Lin Wood is all of this and more.
If the future of our country was not at stake as it is today, maybe I wouldn’t take such a vocal stand for South Carolina or our nation, but sadly it is. We can no longer afford to have the current SCGOP leadership doing the same thing and expecting different results.
This is about more than South Carolina. That’s just the beginning of the discussion about the LOCAL operations.
This is the real shit, this is REAL people talking.
Yes – absolutely.
I barely read articles anymore – I get way more value from the comments.
Like you said – authored by REAL people!
GOOD MORNING…THE BEST IS YET TO COME!
may 15, 2021 the marshall report
https://themarshallreport.wordpress.com/2021/05/15/good-morning-the-best-is-yet-to-come/
FROM PRESIDENT TRUMP….
This is almost one of those Mean Tweets™ we’ve all been missing!
LOL
Personally, I never saw gas less than two bucks under Trump.
The last time it happened was during the Great Recession, the first year of Obola’s presidency. Though of course that was a collapse in demand not an increase in prices, so it wasn’t healthy.
Gas is more expensive in leftist-run states for some reason.
Higher taxes and more regulations.
That’s why it’s higher in Dem-controlled states.
California, for example, requires additives…so it will always be higher there.
When I was actually having to serve my sentence in CA (no I wasn’t in prison, it’s just that living there is itself a sentence) it was typically a dime cheaper there than in Colorado.
Not any more.
Pocket linings. Corruption. No bid contracts to crony donors. Green new deals that turn out to be fancy money laundering schemes….
Same reason public contracts/projects are always so costly in Democrat-run states.
Seasonally. The taxes are 51 cents a gallon from state only.
Funny thing..I know exactly the city and location of that chevron. Thats not the highest i have seen.
Our gas here in Montana was never below $2 either. But part of that is living out here in the West. It is a long way from a port. The delivery of the gas is the problem. It’s expensive.
That makes some degree of sense.
It’s typically a lot cheaper in say, Oklahoma.
I understand part of the issue, too, is that each state imposes some regulations on the gasoline sold, so refineries have to specially set themselves to produce, say, gasoline for Kansas.
If Kansas runs low on gasoline before the refineries get back to making Kansas gas, it will see a prices spike while the rest of the country is drowning in gasoline, comparatively speaking. It has happened here, I know that.
One of the things GWB did after Katrina was suspend all those state regs by executive order; he should have made it permanent.
Pipelines matter, too. 🙂
No they don’t, they’re just an arbitrary dead white male social construct.
(/sarcasm).
Lol!
I would also think the Mighty Mississippi River might factor in, port-wise.
What on earth is a port?
I live kind of far from those things!
Under Trump our gas was $1,78
We saw gas at about $1.20 in Texas during PT’S first term.
Yesterday, I posted this from a source known to be right more often than not:
https://twitter.com/Johnheretohelp/status/1393235435745329153
In the meantime, this popped up:
https://twitter.com/Littleb29872980/status/1393350381254631425
This is the second report I’ve seen that Fauci’s people are talking. Not sure what they are saying, but if the little fish are rolling, lying to Congress is going to be the least of the charges against the little masonic worm.
Hmmm……”nightstand”?……
Hope easy out is disallowed.
Wishful thinking.
Odds of Dodge or FIB going after FauXi are nill. He and his ilk are in the protected class.
Who says THEY are the ones going after him?
That’s limited thinking.
Yea, I wallow in shallow thinking. So, please do enlighten me.
OK, who might be going after FauXi and his ilk? Seriously, who?
And yes, I am perfectly OK with vigilantes.
Military.
To paraphrase an old story; Retired Generals- how many divisions do they command?
If they’ve been reactivated – and Marines can be by a legitimate president – untold numbers.
Yeah. That is likely.
Is that supposed to be sarcasm or not? I’m not asking sardonically, but rather because I can’t tell..
Pure sarcasm.
I should have have labeled as such.
Based on your past-stated opinions I suspected as much…but I wasn’t sure you hadn’t changed your mind.
The bullshit continues to be fed to us.
Good Grief, Steve!!! Just when I was winding down from a very ‘mentally-challenging’ week – you rev up the brain for more!!!
Back in Physics Class – I am – Thanks!!!
Yep. Felt like I was back in college. 😄
So, GMT – you understand my conundrum – Whew!!! Now I feel better – Thanks!!!
God Bless You Real Good for understanding!!!
Aw, come on, I didn’t even hit you with trigonometry.
Trig really isn’t that bad…..if you approach it with analytic geometry in your back pocket. Trouble is, that’s not the way it’s traditionally taught — which inevitably causes reasonable people to utterly loathe and despise the subject.
The very, very basics like “what is a sine” and “what is a cosine” I could cover, but it’d be as much of an excursion as my (simplified) dot product presentation was.
Yeah when you get into those hairball identities it starts to suck but those are rarely needed at this level. (And it was fun learning how to derive many of them from Euler’s eqution, handy when you can’t remember if it’s a minus sign or a plus sign in that identity.)
I find it fascinating that Euler’s Equation (I’ve also read it described as an “Identity”) has been dubbed the “most beautiful equation” in mathematics – by both professionals and amateurs – and yet ALL of their explanations of its beauty miss the mark, IMO.
Trig is all about the number “pi” – using triangles to mediate between linear (translational) and circular (rotational). That’s it.
The other four functions – besides the basic sine and cosine – are all permutations or combinations of the initial two.
There are only a few fundamental trig identities; the half-angle and double-angle ones (and the like) are pretty abstruse, and rarely used unless one is going into math as a profession.
Or, going into astrophysics … or becoming a sniper!
SteveInCO
So I’m on my 4th cup of strong tea, breaking your opener down into smaller pieces to “digest”..
I will say that for the first time ever, my brain is not saying, “Physics — bad — go away.” The brown block on the ramp example really helps.
Thank you.
That was sweet of you, Steve – not bragging but, I got straight A’s in Math – took Calculus in HS – did not go well – teacher was out of his league – BUT –
I did get an A in Physics – and so – the refresher is most appreciated!!!
Just so you know – this is second nature to you – not so for all of us – Mkay?
We do appreciate your willingness to educate us!!!
An interesting decode from an anon this morning, in re #2619 :
>>
“Gold shall destroy FED”
This cannot be talking about gold metal because it is constantly hung out as a distraction by clowns. The world reserves are several times larger than commonly understood because true reserves like the Yukon Motherlode are kept secret.
FED cannot refer to the Federal Reserve because it is called “the Fed”. Q did not use an article and used all caps which usually means an acronym. There is an acronym FED for Foreign Exchange Desk. Every bank and multinational has one, creating money out of thin air in the same way that Quantitative Easing does by arbitraging foreign currencies.
This was made possible by the Petrodollar which only exists because oil is scarce. But what if oil was really plentiful, not a fossil fuel, but made in the crust of all planets including Mars.
This all brings us back to Gold. Thomas Gold who proved that petroleum is abiogenic and can be found in very deep boreholes like the 6km+ ones he drilled in Sweden to test his theory. Note that Ukraine’s Burisma is also drilling 6km and deeper.
The Deep Hot Biosphere
It should be read by anyone who supports MAGA because the abundance of resource wealth will totally change the world.
You will see a drastic CLIMATE CHANGE from a climate of scarcity to one of abundance
<<
Haven’t the Russians long believed in abiogenesis?
Dunno, Tona.
I take it you mean ‘for petroleum’?
But I’ve read, separately, that microwave ovens are prohibited in Russia.
(As is Schwartzy-poo the Sore-A**!)
Hmm … maybe they break down the molecular bonds which our digestive system was *meant* to break down on its own? Robbing us of gaining this vital nutrition / energy from our food?
I’ve read before about the psy-op of the term “fossil fuels” – to get the greenies all unhinged!
The power of words …
I just grabbed the first link I found:
https://principia-scientific.com/russians-nasa-discredit-fossil-fuel-theory-demise-of-junk-co2-science/
Years ago I read an article asserting that the Russians did not believe oil was a fossil fuel. I forget the details of the article, but it was very interesting and was full of detail.
IIRC, the Russians energy policy was built on the belief that oil was a replenishing resource.