Health Friday 2.21.2025 Open Thread: An EcoHealth Alliance Collaborator in the new Trump White House — Why?

The above free vintage image of a meeting is courtesy of Masterfile and Google Images.

Health Friday is a series devoted to Big Pharma, vaccines, general health, and associated topics. Today’s offering will discuss the appointment by President Donald J. Trump of Gerald W. Parker, Jr., DVM, PhD, to lead the White House Office of Pandemic Preparedness and Response Policy.

There are Important Wolf Moon Notifications, the Rules of our late, good Wheatie, and certain caveats from Yours Truly, of which readers should be aware. They are linked here.

Today’s offering has several aspects to the “tapestry of the whole.” There is much information. The first aspect begins here, with a CDC Health Advisory “requiring” hospitals to test patients hospitalized for influenza for the H5N1 Avian Influenza virus: https://merylnass.substack.com/cp/156773935, “CDC has issued a bulletin requiring hospitals to test for bird flu (H5N1) so they can find human cases and start the vaccine”, 9 February 2025. A screenshot of the title and secondary header for this article is below. Dr. Nass is a physician.

On 16 January 2025, a few days before the Inauguration of the former 45th President of the United States, Donald J. Trump, as the current 47th President of the United States, Donald J. Trump, the CDC (a department of Health and Human Services, HHS) issued the following Health Advisory regarding new, mandatory hospital testing for Avian Influenza H5N1 for all hospitalized influenza patients: https://www.cdc.gov/han/2025/han00520.html, “Accelerated Subtyping of Influenza A in Hospitalized Patients.” However, it appears that the Health Advisory is being used in ways to make look as if it were issued by the new Trump administration. Or so it seems. Please see below, from the article by Dr. Nass (AdventHealth is a hospital chain that has several facilities, including in Florida and in Wisconsin):

The opening paragraphs of the CDC Health Advisory, per the article by Dr. Nass:

The Health Advisory goes on to list and describe what H5N1 testing needs to be performed, and so on.

The second aspect is the appointment by President Trump, on 7 February 2025, of Gerald W. Parker, Jr., DVM, PhD, to lead the White House Office of Pandemic Preparedness in the new administration: https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/public-health/trump-names-one-health-expert-lead-pandemic-response-office, “Trump names One Health expert to lead pandemic response office”, 7 February 2025. This situation has also been described by Dr. Robert Malone, here (with thanks to our good scott467): https://www.malone.news/p/vaccine-deep-state-insanity, 14 February 2025. Let’s look at some details regarding Dr. Gerald Parker:

One: He has been involved with the Global One Health organization at Texas A&M University for years: https://onehealth.tamu.edu/about. Two: he has been involved with the CIDRAP program at the University of Minnesota for years: https://www.cidrap.umn.edu. CIDRAP stands for Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy. Three: he has extensive involvement in teaching, in the military, and in global health initiatives: https://usacenter.tamu.edu/faculty-staff/gerald-parker.html. Please also see the information in Dr. Malone’s blog article, cited above. Four: he is involved with biodefense: https://biodefensecommission.org/teams/gerald-w-parker-jr-dvm-phd/. The organization https://biodefensecommission.org is a “non-partisan” group that is “Protecting U.S. public health security beyond party lines.” Five: he has testified before Congress regarding biodefense and public health. Here is the link to one of his testimony appearances, from 13 June 2023: https://d1dth6384htgma.cloudfront.net/Gerald_Parker_Witness_Testimony_06_13_23_4cc1c435d2.pdf?updated_at=2023-06-12T15:58:04.003Z. The title page for his prepared remarks to the House committee is below:

Below is a portion of his remarks, from page 27 (of 30) of his prepared statement for the House hearing. Notice the emphasis on federal government funding for university laboratories:

The Texas A&M story on this appearance is here: https://vetmed.tamu.edu/news/press-releases/parker-testimony-preparedness/, “Texas A&M’s Gerald Parker Testifies On Health Preparedness”, 26 June 2023.

The third aspect is about Global One Health, headquartered at Texas A&M University. Please see: https://onehealth.tamu.edu/about. Below is a screenshot of the “collaborators” involved with Global One Health:

Yes, you read that correctly: one of the “collaborators” with Global One Health is none other than EcoHealth Alliance. EcoHealth Alliance is now barred from receiving federal funds; and its president, Peter Daszak, has been fired: https://nypost.com/2025/01/18/us-news/hhs-bans-ecohealth-alliance-and-groups-ex-prez-from-receiving-federal-funding-for-5-years-after-wuhan-virus-experiments.

The fourth aspect is about CIDRAP itself: its Director, Michael T. Osterholm PhD. Please see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Osterholm. Dr. Osterholm founded CIDRAP at the University of Minnesota in 2001 and has been its Director ever since. Dr. Osterholm has been and/or is still involved with: the NIH; the World Health Organization; the FDA; the United States Defense Department; and, through CIDRAP, is a partner in the United States Department of Health and Human Services BioWatch Program since 2003. He has also been a member of the government’s COVID-19 Advisory Board since November 2020.

Among the funders of CIDRAP are: Gilead Sciences (Remdesivir), https://www.gilead.com/; and, Unorthodox Philanthropy (UP), https://unorthodoxphilanthropy.org/. UP appears to be a center-left / far-left funding organization.

The fifth aspect of this “tapestry” is about the “vaccines” now available against the H5N1 Avian Influenza virus. There are several H5N1 “vaccines” available for use in the United States. They are listed here: https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/vaccines-licensed-use-united-states, “Vaccines Licensed for Use in the United States”, current as of 14 February 2025. A screenshot of the current list of H5N1 “vaccines” is below:

AREPANRIX and AUDENZ are cell-based injectables. The Package Insert for AREPANRIX is here: https://www.fda.gov/media/182872/download. The Package Insert for AUDENZ is here: https://www.fda.gov/media/135020/download. For each of these, please read carefully regarding the Warnings and the Adverse Reactions listed and described in Section 5 and Section 6 of each product. (Note: the FDA is “reorganizing” its web pages. If either, or both, of the Package Insert documents do not load from the links above, use a search engine and type in “Package Insert for AREPANRIX” and/or “Package Insert for AUDENZ” in the search box.) The FDA Memorandum regarding the H5N1 “vaccines” in the National Stockpile is here: https://www.fda.gov/media/141737/download.

Yours Truly has written about the “new strain” of the H5N1 Avian Influenza virus, the “vaccines” available for this virus (for humans), and related topics. Please see: https://www.theqtree.com/2024/08/02/the-hhs-gave-the-go-ahead-to-use-an-h5n1vaccine-but-the-ama-just-issued-new-cpt-codes-for-an-h5n8-vaccine/; and, https://www,theqtree.com/2024/10/11/health-friday-10-11-2024-about-that-bird-flu-summit-this-month-in-virginia/.

But wait, there’s more! Did readers know that the USDA can issue “Conditional Licenses” for vaccines for animals and poultry? The USDA issued a “Conditional License” for an H5N2 Avian Influenza “vaccine” to be given to poultry, manufactured by Zoetis. And here’s where the story gets ** interesting **. First, the original press release by Zoetis on 13 February 2025 (https://www.zoetis.com/press-releases/press-release-details/2025/Zoetis-Receives-Conditional-License-from-USDA-for-Avian-Influenza-Vaccine/default.aspx):

Which Zoetis then followed up the next day with this press release: https://news.zoetis.com/press-releases/press-release-details/2025/Zoetis-Receives-Conditional-License-from-USDA-for-Avian-Influenza-Vaccine-H5N2-Subtype-Killed-Virus/default.aspx. This H5N2 Avian Influenza “vaccine” is to be used on chickens. Below is a screenshot from the 14 February 2025 press release:

Note the language regarding the “sole discretion” of “national regulatory authorities” (for example, the USDA) to “mandate” commercial poultry against Avian Influenza. Note also the “fact” that over “150 million birds in the U.S. have been affected with HPAI since February 2022.” The APHIS press release cited in the above is here, dated 20 June 2024: https://www.aphis.usda.gov/livestock-poultry-disease/avian/avian-influenza/hpai-detections/commercial-backyard-flocks.

Who at the USDA or the CVB (Center for Veterinary Biologics, a unit of the USDA) signed the “Conditional License” for the Zoetis Avian Influenza H5N1 “vaccine” on 13 February 2025? The new USDA Director, Brooke Rollins, was only confirmed for the office on 13 February 2025. Would Ms. Rollins have then immediately signed the “Conditional License” paperwork? Or — did a Biden administration holdover sign the paperwork? Let’s examine the situation:

On 13 February 2025, Brooke Rollins was confirmed as the new USDA Director. She took over on that date from the Acting Director, Gary Washington, a Biden administration holdover, who was the Chief Information Officer for the USDA.

On 13 February 2025, the top organizational flowchart for the USDA’s CVB (Center for Veterinary Biologics) looked like this (the chart is from 31 December 2024; Yours Truly cannot find a more recent one):

The CVB would have been the department that most likely signed off on the “Conditional License” for the Zoetis new “vaccine” for H5N2 that is to be given to chickens. Looking at the above chart, the person who signed off on this “vaccine” likely would have either David White, DVM (Biden holdover), the Director of the CVB; or, Bruce Thomsen, DVM (Biden holdover), the Virology Section Leader. On the other hand, a search via https://www.aphis.usda.gov/leadership (list current as of 22 January 2025) turns up at least two other possibilities: Michael Watson, PhD, (Biden holdover) the USDA Administrator; and, Rosemary Clifford, DVM, (Biden holdover) the USDA’s Chief Veterinary Officer.

What, in Yours Truly’s opinion, appears likely was that a Biden holdover at the USDA or the CVB signed the “Conditional License” of the Zoetis new H5N2 “vaccine” for chickens just before, or even perhaps on the day of, the confirmation of Brooke Rollins on 13 February 2025 as the new Director of the USDA.

But wait, there’s even more! — what appears to be another component of the “perceived threat” combined with gaslighting aspects regarding the “spread of H5N1 Avian Influenza among humans.” And, interestingly enough, the following article from CIDRAP (the organization “tied to the hip” with Gerald Parker, DVM) is dated 13 February 2025 — the day that Brooke Rollins was confirmed as the new Director of the USDA: https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/avian-influenza-bird-flu/cdc-3-veterinarians-had-recent-h5n1-infections-didnt-know-they-had-been, “CDC: 3 veterinarians had recent H5N1 infections but didn’t know they had been exposed”, 13 February 2025. The three veterinarians had been working with cattle when they were exposed to H5N1.

And, finally there is this: https://brownstone.org/articles/bird-flu-is-a-rerun-of-the-covid-playbook/, by Clayton J. Baker, MD, 18 February 2025. Below are screenshots from Dr. Baker’s article, beginning with his premise:

Followed by this:

And further followed by some of his recommendations:

Further: The AMA has just come out with a new CME (Continuing Medical Education) course offering: https://edhub.ama-assn.org/stanford-medicine-cme/audio-player/18944368, “Stanford Medcast Episode 89: Hot Topics Mini-Series: Insights and the Potential Global Impact of H5N1 Bird Flu”, 22 January 2025. This is an interview with Dr. Abraar Karan, MD, MS, MPH. There is an option further down on the webpage to listen to the transcript of the audio; click on “Read Transcript.” Dr. Karan covers various aspects of the current H5N1 situation. Among other items he talks about, Dr. Karan appears to be of the opinion that people should not drink raw milk, as it may contain elements of H5N1 from untested cows. He also appears to approve the testing and “vaccination” of poultry workers and dairy workers related to H5N1. In addition, he appears to be for mass testing of poultry and of dairy cows; and, for the federal government to be more “active” in coordinating and facilitating testing and “vaccination” of animals and humans regarding H5N1.

In Yours Truly’s opinion, it is still unclear as to whether or not there is (or, will be) an “H5N1 Avian Influenza pandemic” on the horizon. On the other hand, there appears to be an increasing amount of what may be seen as “perceived threat” gaslighting — from the federal government, the mainstream media, the AMA, and other entities. And, the issuance of the HHS Health Advisory that “requires” hospitals to test hospitalized influenza patients for Avian Influenza could be a “signal” that there may be the start of increasing pressure to get Americans “vaccinated” against this virus. In addition, also in Yours Truly’s opinion, this increasing pressure **may** be a method of “corralling” Americans to “get back onto the plantation” of obediently doing what the government wants / “mandates” them to do, which is what occurred, and with such success, during the declared COVID-19 pandemic. It has taken the American people almost five years to fully realize that the COVID-19 “vaccines” WERE NOT and ARE NOT “safe and effective”; to fully realize that mass lockdowns created economic chaos; to understand that standing six feet away from another person did not “stop the spread” of the virus; and so on.

Why is there now an EcoHealth Alliance “collaborator”, Gerald W. Parker, Jr., DVM, PhD, in the Trump White House? Why was Dr. Parker appointed to lead the White House Office of Pandemic Preparedness and Response Policy?

Paging Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. Paging Brooke Rollins.

THERE. MUST. BE. JUSTICE.

**** FLASH! ADDENDA Saturday 22 February 2025: via https://peterhalligan.substack.com/p/minnesota-declares-a-state-of-emergency, “Minnesota declares a State of Emergency over three strains of avian flu — 9 million more chickens under threat of a death sentence”, 22 February 2025. There is a link to the article on this situation at https://presidentialwire.com/minnesota-declares-state-of-emergency-over-bird-flu-outbreak/. Below is a screenshot from the Peter Halligan article, via Presidential Wire:

There is a tweet in the Presidential Wire article on the situation. The tweet is here: https://x.com/NewsNew97351204/status/1891557498265448685, dated 17 February 2025.

Below is a screenshot, again from the Halligan blog post via the Presidential Wire article, about GERALD W. PARKER, JR., DVM, PHD, having been appointed to lead the White House Office of Pandemic Preparedness and Response Policy:

And, guess what? There is a poultry testing laboratory at the University of Minnesota (a university that is “tied to the hip” with Gerald W. Parker, Jr., DVM, PhD — please see above in the original Health Friday post of Friday 21 February 2025): https://vdl.umn.edu/laboratories/minnesota-poultry-testing-laboratory (which Yours Truly suspects is the same type of BSL-2 safety level that is the case at the USDA Southeast Poultry Testing facility in Athens, Georgia.)

Yours Truly feels it is ** interesting ** that the state of Minnesota declared an Avian Influenza among chickens State of Emergency ** just after ** Dr. Parker was appointed to lead the White House Office of Pandemic Preparedness and Response Policy.

Peace, Good Energy, Respect: PAVACA

Health Friday 1.31.2025 Open Thread: HHS Gaslighting and Propaganda to Increase “Vaccines” Uptake

The above still image of Charles Boyer and Ingrid Bergman from the 1944 film, Gaslight, is courtesy of Google Images.

Health Friday is a series devoted to Big Pharma, vaccines, general health, and associated topics. As today’s post speaks to the disaster of the COVID-19 BTI (Bioweapon Toxin Injections, aka the “vaccines”), Yours Truly dedicates it to the memory of all persons, of whatever age or location, who have passed away from the negative effects (direct or indirect) of the COVID-19 “vaccines”, no matter whether the deceased were COVID-19 “vaccinated” or not. However, the discussion is not limited to what is presented here: It is an Open Thread.

There are Important Wolf Moon Notifications, the Rules of our late, good Wheatie, and certain caveats from Yours Truly, of which readers should be aware. They are linked here.

Yours Truly begins here: https://petermcculloughmd.substack.com/p/the-evidence-is-clear-its-time-to, “The Evidence Is Clear: It’s Time to Permanently Ban the COVID-19 mRNA Injections”, by Nicolas Hulscher, MPH, Epidemiologist, and Administrator of the McCullough Foundation, 18 January 2025. There is a video of an interview with Mr. Hulscher by Luiza Asyamova, along with links and graphics from numerous scientific papers, in this article. One of these linked papers is this: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14269255, “COVID-19 spike protein pathogenicity research library”, Dr. Martin Wulcher, Erik Sass, et al., 3 December 2024 (also found here: https://zenodo.org/records/14269255). There are over four hundred papers listed in this particular compilation.

Yours Truly will focus on one other linked item in the Nicolas Hulscher article cited above, regarding the activities of the United States Department of Health and Human Services to increase uptake of the COVID-19 “vaccines.” The first example is here: https://petermcculloughmd.substack.com/p/the-us-hhs-risk-less-do-more-propaganda, “The U.S. HHS “Risk Less. Do More.” Vaccine Propaganda Campaign”, by Nicolas Hulscher, 19 December 2024. Below are two screenshots regarding the HHS campaign:

HHS launched this propaganda campaign a few months ago, under then-Secretary of Health and Human Services, Xavier Becerra. The agency has already released over 80 videos on its You Tube channels, among many other gaslighting / propaganda items, to “convince” Americans to get the COVID-19 BTI (Bioweapon Toxin Injections, aka the “vaccines”); the influenza virus “vaccines”; and the RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) “vaccines.”

The agency, apparently, was already “alarmed” over the “lack of vaccine uptake” among Americans. Please see here: https://petermcculloughmd.substack.com/p/americas-compliance-with-federal, “America’s Compliance with Federal Vaccine Recommendations as Collapsed”, by Nicolas Hulscher, MPH, 24 November 2024. The CDC’s MMWR (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report) article regarding this issue is here: https://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7346a1, “Influenza, COVID-19, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination Coverage Among Adults — United States, Fall 2024”, Jennifer L. Kriss, et al., 21 November 2024. The salient graphic from this article is below:

Turning to the HHS gaslighting / propaganda campaign, here is the “About the Campaign” webpage: https://www.hhs.gov/risk-less-do-more/about-campaign/index.html. Interested persons scroll down the page to find the “Navigate to:” section, and clicks on the “+” sign to redirect to various other gaslighting / propaganda items and links. Here is one such link: https://www.hhs.gov/risk-less-do-more/flu-covid-19-rsv-facts/index.html; please see the image below from this webpage, the “FAQ” statement regarding the COVID-19 “vaccines”:

Which is filled with, in YoursTruly’s opinion, misinformation, disinformation, and outright falsehoods (for example, not mentioning and even dismissing the increasing cases of serious adverse reactions from taking a COVID-19 BTI (the “vaccines”).)

But wait, there’s more! Here is the portion of the HHS gaslighting / propaganda website for medical professionals: https://www.hhs.gov/risk-less-do-more/for-health-care-providers/index.html. In this part of the HHS gaslighting / propaganda effort, one can read through the various “Use these on your “vaccine-hesitant” patients” techniques to “convince” them to agree to having one of the above “vaccines” injected into them. Below are examples from the “Discussion Guides” section of https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/talking-your-patients.pdf, “Talking to Your Patients About Flu, COVID-19, and RSV Vaccines” from the HHS gaslighting / propaganda website. Below are examples culled from this section: the first, how the physician is to “initiate” the gaslighting / propaganda discussion with a patient: and, the second, how the physician can “steer” the conversation if the patient is “vaccine-hesitant”:

Note that the image of the “patient” is that of an elderly male. There are similar “Discussion Guides” for the flu “vaccines” and for the RSV “vaccines.”

Yours Truly will also note the following regarding the above HHS gaslighting / propaganda campaign materials: One: The use of an “elderly male patient” in the example “discussion” with the physician. The CMS (Center for Medicare/Medicaid Services) is involved up their eyeballs in the campaign, due to the payments that CMS receives from every injection of a COVID-19 “vaccine”, an influenza “vaccine”, and/or an RSV “vaccine.” Please see here: https://www.cms.gov/medicare/payment/covid-19/coding-covid-19-vaccine-shots, updated 2 January 2025. And, Two: The AMA gets a “royalty payment” from every CPT code that is used for medical procedures or treatment billing, including injections of “vaccines” such as the ones listed above. This is because the AMA owns the rights to use the CPT codes. Please see here: https://www.ama-assn.org/practice-management/cpt/big-changes-will-streamline-cpt-coding-immunization, 5 January 2024. The “new, all-inclusive” CPT code for any “vaccine” injection administration is 90480.

So far, all of the above has applied to persons over age 18. What about persons under age 18? For this, Yours Truly turns to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) “Redbook” post of 20 November 2024, found here: https://publications.aap.org/redbook/pages/Immunization-Schedules. “Immunization Schedules for 2025” PDF, subtitled “Child and Adolescent Immunization Schedule by Age.” These mirror the CDC Child and Adolescent Immunization Schedule, found here: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/imz-schedules/child-adolescent-age.html, 21 November 2024. These are CDC recommended immunization schedules; they are not the law. However, many state legislatures in the United States have adopted this recommended immunization schedule and turned it into state law for children who wish to attend school (public, but in some areas, also private or even home-school situations) within their state. For example, here is the link to the required “vaccines” schedule that children must take if they wish to got to public school in North Carolina: https://immunization.dph.ncdhhs.gov/schools/k-12.htm, “K-12 School Requirements – NC Immunization Branch”, 23 August 2024.

So, it would appear that the Department of Health and Human Services is engaged in a full-on gaslighting / propaganda campaign to “convince” American adults to take the COVID-19 “vaccines”; while, at the same time, the CDC immunization schedule for children and adolescents (which clearly indicates that the COVID-19 “vaccines”, along with the other “vaccines” on the schedule, are NOT law, but are recommended), have been added into state public school “vaccination schedules” statutes, thus making these recommendations the law of the state. Adults are free to refuse and and all recommended “vaccines”, but persons under age 18 are, in effect, required to take them if they wish to attend public school.

Then, there is the phenomenon of potential COVID-19 “vaccine” shedding. If adults who take a COVID-19 “vaccine” can potentially shed the ingredients of these injectables onto other persons, it would follow that children and adolescents who take these injectables can potentially shed the ingredients. And what about persons under age 18 who are immunocompromised? It is now known that the COVID-19 “vaccines” damage or destroy the natural immune system of the “vaccinated” person. The immune systems of the immunocompromised are already at risk; it can be fairly argued that taking a COVID-19 “vaccine” could put the already-at-risk natural immune system of these persons at further risk.

For more information regarding gaslighting and COVID-19, please see: https://www.theqtree.com/2023/10/06/pavacas-first-post/, “Friday, 10.6.2023 — Gaslighting in the Era of COVID-19”.

For more information regarding the potential for COVID-19 “vaccine” shedding, please see: https://www.midwesterndoctor.com/p/covid-19-vaccine-shedding-experiences, “What We’ve Learned from Over a Thousand Vaccine Shedding Reports”, by A Midwestern Doctor, 7 January 2024.

Nota Bene #1, 27 January 2025: The HHS, CDC, and NIH have been enjoined by the new Trump administration from publishing further updates to healthcare policies, procedures, or information, until further notice: https://brownstone.org/articles/the-big-freeze-at-hhs-cdc-and-nih/, by Jeffrey Tucker, 25 January 2025; also, please see here: https://www.statnews.com/2025/01/22/trump-administration-orders-health-communications-pause-cdc-hhs-fda/, “Trump administration freezes many health agency reports and posts”, 22 January 2025.

However, the other links above in today’s post are still active (at least until today 30 January 2025); it appears that the Trump administration order is not retroactive to 20 January 2025. Therefore, the “Discussion Guides”, the handouts, the billing / coding information, and so on, listed in today’s post, are likely still being used.

Nota Bene #2, 29 January 2025: A new paper has just been published by Peter A. McCullough, MD, Mary Talley Bowden, MD, et al., regarding a renewed demand to have ALL the COVID-19 “vaccines” withdrawn from the market immediately: https://petermcculloughmd.substack.com/p/breaking-peer-reviewed-study-finds-5f1, “BREAKING — Peer-Reviewed Study Finds Irrefutable Evidence Supporting Immediate Market Withdrawal of COVID-19 “Vaccines””, by Nicolas Hulscher, 28 January 2025. The article is found here: https://publichealthpolicyjournal.com/review-of-calls-for-market-removal-of-covid-19-vaccines-intensify-risks-far-outweigh-theoretical-benefits/, “Review of Calls for Market Removal of COVID-19 Vaccines Intensify: Risks Far Outweigh Theoretical Benefits.” Science, Public Health Policy and the Law. 2025, Jan28; v6.2019-2025. A screenshot of the Abstract is below:

THERE. MUST. BE. JUSTICE. Yours Truly believes that the confirmation of Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., as the new Secretary of Health and Human Services needs to happen as soon as possible: so he can end the HHS gaslighting/propaganda efforts, to start.

Peace, Good Energy, Respect: PAVACA