“We do not believe any group of men adequate enough or wise enough to operate without scrutiny or without criticism. We know that the only way to avoid error is to detect it, that the only way to detect it is to be free to inquire. We know that in secrecy error undetected will flourish and subvert.” –J. Robert Oppenheimer
What is it that feeds our battle, yet starves our victory?
January 6 Tapes Reminder
After the first release, we were supposed to get more, every week.
As far as I know it hasn’t happened.
Speaker Johnson, please follow through!
A Caution
Just remember…we might replace the RINO candidates. (Or we might not. The record is mixed even though there is more MAGA than there used to be.) But that will make no difference in the long run if the party officials, basically the Rhonna McDaniels (or however that’s spelled–I suspect it’s RINO), don’t get replaced.
State party chairs, vice chairs, secretaries and so on, and the same at county levels, have huge influence on who ultimately gets nominated, and if these party wheelhorses are RINOs, they will work tirelessly to put their own pukey people on the ballot. In fact I’d not be surprised if some of our “MAGA” candidates are in fact, RINO plants, encouraged to run by the RINO party leadership when they realized that Lyn Cheney (and her ilk) were hopelessly compromised as effective candidates. The best way for them to deal with the opposition, of course, is to run it themselves.
Running good candidates is only HALF of the battle!
Booting a RINO
I’ve spent the last couple of years pounding home the message that RINO McDaniels was a symptom of a problem…a party shot through with RINO officials. In this instance it was the hundred or so members of the RNC who gleefully voted for her again, and again, and again.
Well I got to help take one of those hundred people down, as told here: https://www.theqtree.com/2024/04/07/i-aim-to-raise-a-ruckus/. What’s even better is that oxygen thief was apparently boiling mad at how poorly she did in the vote (according to a MAGA candidate for a county office I spoke to on Tuesday night). Apparently she felt entitled to her office no matter what the rubes thing…and that attitude turns people into RINOs.
Judging from the number of comments received few noticed or cared about the post, but nonetheless I noticed a pattern: Hardly anyone who regularly puts forth “devolution” or “this is all a movie” theories (or any other variant of the idea that Trump and/or his allies are really in charge) seemed to care about it. I described successful action against the enemy and they didn’t care.
I submit that that is the desired effect of such ideas as devolution…to get people on our side not to care, not to participate, not to fight, because they believe someone else will do it for them. “Nothing can stop what is coming?” Great! I don’t have to lift a finger, just be ready to microwave some popcorn!
If any of you really are thinking like this, you might as well be controlled opposition. You’re doing exactly what the other side wants you to do, sitting on your hands waiting for deliverance by deus ex machina.
Biden Gives Us Too Much Credit
…we can move on to the next one.
Apparently Biden (or his puppeteer) has decided we’re to blame for all of the fail in the United States today.
Sorry to disappoint you Joe (or whoever), but you managed to do that all on your own; not only that, you wouldn’t let us NOT give you the chance because you insisted on cheating your way into power.
Yep, you-all are incompetent, and so proud of it you expect our applause for your sincerity. Fuck that!!
It wouldn’t be so bad, but you insist that everyone else have to share in your misery. Nope, can’t have anyone get out from under it. Somehow your grand vision only works if every single other person on earth is forced to go along. So much as ONE PERSON not going along is enough to make it all fail, apparently.
In engineering school we’re taught that a design that has seven to eight billion single points of failure…sucks.
Actually, we weren’t taught that. Because it would never have occurred to the professors to use such a ridiculous example.
Justice Must Be Done.
The prior election must be acknowledged as fraudulent, and steps must be taken to prosecute the fraudsters and restore integrity to the system.
Nothing else matters at this point. Talking about trying again in 2022 or 2024 is hopeless otherwise. Which is not to say one must never talk about this, but rather that one must account for this in ones planning; if fixing the fraud is not part of the plan, you have no plan.
Kamala Harris has a new nickname since she finally went west from DC to El Paso Texas: Westward Hoe.
Lawyer Appeasement Section
OK now for the fine print.
This is the WQTH Daily Thread. You know the drill. There’s no Poltical correctness, but civility is a requirement. There are Important Guidelines, here, with an addendum on 20191110.
We have a new board – called The U Tree – where people can take each other to the woodshed without fear of censorship or moderation.
And remember Wheatie’s Rules:
1. No food fights 2. No running with scissors. 3. If you bring snacks, bring enough for everyone. 4. Zeroth rule of gun safety: Don’t let the government get your guns. 5. Rule one of gun safety: The gun is always loaded. 5a. If you actually want the gun to be loaded, like because you’re checking out a bump in the night, then it’s empty. 6. Rule two of gun safety: Never point the gun at anything you’re not willing to destroy. 7. Rule three: Keep your finger off the trigger until ready to fire. 8. Rule the fourth: Be sure of your target and what is behind it.
(Hmm a few extras seem to have crept in.)
Spot Prices
All prices are Kitco Ask, 3PM MT Friday (at that time the markets close for the weekend). (Note: most media quotes are for the bid…the price paid by the market makers, not the ask, which is what they will sell at. I figure the ask is more relevant to people like us who wish we could afford to buy these things. In the case of gold the difference is usually about a dollar, for the PGMs the spread is much wider.)
Gold and silver (and platinum and palladium) continued to surge, until a couple of days ago. Silver touched $32 and gold reached $2,425
Then they got beaten with the ugly stick on Wednesday and Thursday
They recovered a tiny amount on Friday (platinum actually did best, going up $9) except for palladium which dropped $7 that day. Who knows, maybe platinum will remain above palladium for the foreseeable future.
What is it that feeds our battle, yet starves our victory?
January 6 Tapes Reminder
After the first release, we were supposed to get more, every week.
As far as I know it hasn’t happened.
Speaker Johnson, please follow through!
A Caution
Just remember…we might replace the RINO candidates. (Or we might not. The record is mixed even though there is more MAGA than there used to be.) But that will make no difference in the long run if the party officials, basically the Rhonna McDaniels (or however that’s spelled–I suspect it’s RINO), don’t get replaced.
State party chairs, vice chairs, secretaries and so on, and the same at county levels, have huge influence on who ultimately gets nominated, and if these party wheelhorses are RINOs, they will work tirelessly to put their own pukey people on the ballot. In fact I’d not be surprised if some of our “MAGA” candidates are in fact, RINO plants, encouraged to run by the RINO party leadership when they realized that Lyn Cheney (and her ilk) were hopelessly compromised as effective candidates. The best way for them to deal with the opposition, of course, is to run it themselves.
Running good candidates is only HALF of the battle!
Booting a RINO
I’ve spent the last couple of years pounding home the message that RINO McDaniels was a symptom of a problem…a party shot through with RINO officials. In this instance it was the hundred or so members of the RNC who gleefully voted for her again, and again, and again.
Well I got to help take one of those hundred people down, as told here: https://www.theqtree.com/2024/04/07/i-aim-to-raise-a-ruckus/. What’s even better is that oxygen thief was apparently boiling mad at how poorly she did in the vote (according to a MAGA candidate for a county office I spoke to on Tuesday night). Apparently she felt entitled to her office no matter what the rubes thing…and that attitude turns people into RINOs.
Judging from the number of comments received few noticed or cared about the post, but nonetheless I noticed a pattern: Hardly anyone who regularly puts forth “devolution” or “this is all a movie” theories (or any other variant of the idea that Trump and/or his allies are really in charge) seemed to care about it. I described successful action against the enemy and they didn’t care.
I submit that that is the desired effect of such ideas as devolution…to get people on our side not to care, not to participate, not to fight, because they believe someone else will do it for them. “Nothing can stop what is coming?” Great! I don’t have to lift a finger, just be ready to microwave some popcorn!
If any of you really are thinking like this, you might as well be controlled opposition. You’re doing exactly what the other side wants you to do, sitting on your hands waiting for deliverance by deus ex machina.
SPECIAL SECTION: Message For Our “Friends” In The Middle Kingdom
I normally save this for near the end, but…basically…up your shit-kicking barbarian asses. Yes, barbarian! It took a bunch of sailors in Western Asia to invent a real alphabet instead of badly drawn cartoons to write with. So much for your “civilization.”
Yeah, the WORLD noticed you had to borrow the Latin alphabet to make Pinyin. Like with every other idea you had to steal from us “Foreign Devils” since you rammed your heads up your asses five centuries ago, you sure managed to bastardize it badly in the process.
Have you stopped eating bats yet? Are you shit-kickers still sleeping with farm animals?
Or maybe even just had the slightest inkling of treating lives as something you don’t just casually dispose of?
中国是个混蛋 !!! Zhōngguò shì gè hùndàn !!! China is asshoe !!!
And here’s my response to barbarian “asshoes” like you:
OK, with that rant out of my system…
Biden Gives Us Too Much Credit
…we can move on to the next one.
Apparently Biden (or his puppeteer) has decided we’re to blame for all of the fail in the United States today.
Sorry to disappoint you Joe (or whoever), but you managed to do that all on your own; not only that, you wouldn’t let us NOT give you the chance because you insisted on cheating your way into power.
Yep, you-all are incompetent, and so proud of it you expect our applause for your sincerity. Fuck that!!
It wouldn’t be so bad, but you insist that everyone else have to share in your misery. Nope, can’t have anyone get out from under it. Somehow your grand vision only works if every single other person on earth is forced to go along. So much as ONE PERSON not going along is enough to make it all fail, apparently.
In engineering school we’re taught that a design that has seven to eight billion single points of failure…sucks.
Actually, we weren’t taught that. Because it would never have occurred to the professors to use such a ridiculous example.
Justice Must Be Done.
The prior election must be acknowledged as fraudulent, and steps must be taken to prosecute the fraudsters and restore integrity to the system.
Nothing else matters at this point. Talking about trying again in 2022 or 2024 is hopeless otherwise. Which is not to say one must never talk about this, but rather that one must account for this in ones planning; if fixing the fraud is not part of the plan, you have no plan.
Kamala Harris has a new nickname since she finally went west from DC to El Paso Texas: Westward Hoe.
Lawyer Appeasement Section
OK now for the fine print.
This is the WQTH Daily Thread. You know the drill. There’s no Poltical correctness, but civility is a requirement. There are Important Guidelines, here, with an addendum on 20191110.
We have a new board – called The U Tree – where people can take each other to the woodshed without fear of censorship or moderation.
And remember Wheatie’s Rules:
1. No food fights 2. No running with scissors. 3. If you bring snacks, bring enough for everyone. 4. Zeroth rule of gun safety: Don’t let the government get your guns. 5. Rule one of gun safety: The gun is always loaded. 5a. If you actually want the gun to be loaded, like because you’re checking out a bump in the night, then it’s empty. 6. Rule two of gun safety: Never point the gun at anything you’re not willing to destroy. 7. Rule three: Keep your finger off the trigger until ready to fire. 8. Rule the fourth: Be sure of your target and what is behind it.
(Hmm a few extras seem to have crept in.)
Spot Prices
All prices are Kitco Ask, 3PM MT Friday (at that time the markets close for the weekend). (Note: most media quotes are for the bid…the price paid by the market makers, not the ask, which is what they will sell at. I figure the ask is more relevant to people like us who wish we could afford to buy these things. In the case of gold the difference is usually about a dollar, for the PGMs the spread is much wider.)
Gold has been see-sawing around a bit (it broke $2400 earlier this week but dropped again–not as hard as last week, certainly; it’s still close this time) but slowly trending upwards when all is said and done. Silver is also showing strength at this level. Platinum and palladium on the other hand are not doing that well; they’re actually down for the week (even though palladium closed up for the day on Friday). Rhodium is the only PGM that is doing at all well.
Obligatory PSAs and Reminders
China is Lower than Whale Shit
Remember Hong Kong!!!
中国是个混蛋 !!! Zhōngguò shì gè hùndàn !!! China is asshoe !!!
China is in the White House
Since Wednesday, January 20 at Noon EST, the bought-and-paid for His Fraudulency Joseph Biden has been in the White House. It’s as good as having China in the Oval Office.
Joe Biden is Asshoe
China is in the White House, because Joe Biden is in the White House, and Joe Biden is identically equal to China. China is Asshoe. Therefore, Joe Biden is Asshoe.
But of course the much more important thing to realize:
Joe Biden Didn’t Win
乔*拜登没赢 !!! Qiáo Bài dēng méi yíng !!! Joe Biden didn’t win !!!
What is it that feeds our battle, yet starves our victory?
January 6 Tapes Reminder
After the first release, we were supposed to get more, every week.
As far as I know it hasn’t happened.
Speaker Johnson, please follow through!
A Caution
Just remember…we might replace the RINO candidates. (Or we might not. The record is mixed even though there is more MAGA than there used to be.) But that will make no difference in the long run if the party officials, basically the Rhonna McDaniels (or however that’s spelled–I suspect it’s RINO), don’t get replaced.
State party chairs, vice chairs, secretaries and so on, and the same at county levels, have huge influence on who ultimately gets nominated, and if these party wheelhorses are RINOs, they will work tirelessly to put their own pukey people on the ballot. In fact I’d not be surprised if some of our “MAGA” candidates are in fact, RINO plants, encouraged to run by the RINO party leadership when they realized that Lyn Cheney (and her ilk) were hopelessly compromised as effective candidates. The best way for them to deal with the opposition, of course, is to run it themselves.
Running good candidates is only HALF of the battle!
SPECIAL SECTION: Message For Our “Friends” In The Middle Kingdom
I normally save this for near the end, but…basically…up your shit-kicking barbarian asses. Yes, barbarian! It took a bunch of sailors in Western Asia to invent a real alphabet instead of badly drawn cartoons to write with. So much for your “civilization.”
Yeah, the WORLD noticed you had to borrow the Latin alphabet to make Pinyin. Like with every other idea you had to steal from us “Foreign Devils” since you rammed your heads up your asses five centuries ago, you sure managed to bastardize it badly in the process.
Have you stopped eating bats yet? Are you shit-kickers still sleeping with farm animals?
Or maybe even just had the slightest inkling of treating lives as something you don’t just casually dispose of?
中国是个混蛋 !!! Zhōngguò shì gè hùndàn !!! China is asshoe !!!
And here’s my response to barbarian “asshoes” like you:
OK, with that rant out of my system…
Biden Gives Us Too Much Credit
…we can move on to the next one.
Apparently Biden (or his puppeteer) has decided we’re to blame for all of the fail in the United States today.
Sorry to disappoint you Joe (or whoever), but you managed to do that all on your own; not only that, you wouldn’t let us NOT give you the chance because you insisted on cheating your way into power.
Yep, you-all are incompetent, and so proud of it you expect our applause for your sincerity. Fuck that!!
It wouldn’t be so bad, but you insist that everyone else have to share in your misery. Nope, can’t have anyone get out from under it. Somehow your grand vision only works if every single other person on earth is forced to go along. So much as ONE PERSON not going along is enough to make it all fail, apparently.
In engineering school we’re taught that a design that has seven to eight billion single points of failure…sucks.
Actually, we weren’t taught that. Because it would never have occurred to the professors to use such a ridiculous example.
Justice Must Be Done.
The prior election must be acknowledged as fraudulent, and steps must be taken to prosecute the fraudsters and restore integrity to the system.
Nothing else matters at this point. Talking about trying again in 2022 or 2024 is hopeless otherwise. Which is not to say one must never talk about this, but rather that one must account for this in ones planning; if fixing the fraud is not part of the plan, you have no plan.
Kamala Harris has a new nickname since she finally went west from DC to El Paso Texas: Westward Hoe.
Lawyer Appeasement Section
OK now for the fine print.
This is the WQTH Daily Thread. You know the drill. There’s no Poltical correctness, but civility is a requirement. There are Important Guidelines, here, with an addendum on 20191110.
We have a new board – called The U Tree – where people can take each other to the woodshed without fear of censorship or moderation.
And remember Wheatie’s Rules:
1. No food fights 2. No running with scissors. 3. If you bring snacks, bring enough for everyone. 4. Zeroth rule of gun safety: Don’t let the government get your guns. 5. Rule one of gun safety: The gun is always loaded. 5a. If you actually want the gun to be loaded, like because you’re checking out a bump in the night, then it’s empty. 6. Rule two of gun safety: Never point the gun at anything you’re not willing to destroy. 7. Rule three: Keep your finger off the trigger until ready to fire. 8. Rule the fourth: Be sure of your target and what is behind it.
(Hmm a few extras seem to have crept in.)
Spot Prices
All prices are Kitco Ask, 3PM MT Friday (at that time the markets close for the weekend). (Note: most media quotes are for the bid…the price paid by the market makers, not the ask, which is what they will sell at. I figure the ask is more relevant to people like us who wish we could afford to buy these things. In the case of gold the difference is usually about a dollar, for the PGMs the spread is much wider.)
Gold spent this last week bouncing around and closed this week lower than last week. On the other hand silver went like gangbusters, and the PGMs are also up. It’s almost as if gold is pausing and letting the others catch up.
Obligatory PSAs and Reminders
China is Lower than Whale Shit
Remember Hong Kong!!!
中国是个混蛋 !!! Zhōngguò shì gè hùndàn !!! China is asshoe !!!
China is in the White House
Since Wednesday, January 20 at Noon EST, the bought-and-paid for His Fraudulency Joseph Biden has been in the White House. It’s as good as having China in the Oval Office.
Joe Biden is Asshoe
China is in the White House, because Joe Biden is in the White House, and Joe Biden is identically equal to China. China is Asshoe. Therefore, Joe Biden is Asshoe.
But of course the much more important thing to realize:
Joe Biden Didn’t Win
乔*拜登没赢 !!! Qiáo Bài dēng méi yíng !!! Joe Biden didn’t win !!!
What is it that feeds our battle, yet starves our victory?
January 6 Tapes Reminder
After the first release, we were supposed to get more, every week.
As far as I know it hasn’t happened.
Speaker Johnson, please follow through!
A Caution
Just remember…we might replace the RINO candidates. (Or we might not. The record is mixed even though there is more MAGA than there used to be.) But that will make no difference in the long run if the party officials, basically the Rhonna McDaniels (or however that’s spelled–I suspect it’s RINO), don’t get replaced.
State party chairs, vice chairs, secretaries and so on, and the same at county levels, have huge influence on who ultimately gets nominated, and if these party wheelhorses are RINOs, they will work tirelessly to put their own pukey people on the ballot. In fact I’d not be surprised if some of our “MAGA” candidates are in fact, RINO plants, encouraged to run by the RINO party leadership when they realized that Lyn Cheney (and her ilk) were hopelessly compromised as effective candidates. The best way for them to deal with the opposition, of course, is to run it themselves.
Running good candidates is only HALF of the battle!
SPECIAL SECTION: Message For Our “Friends” In The Middle Kingdom
I normally save this for near the end, but…basically…up your shit-kicking barbarian asses. Yes, barbarian! It took a bunch of sailors in Western Asia to invent a real alphabet instead of badly drawn cartoons to write with. So much for your “civilization.”
Yeah, the WORLD noticed you had to borrow the Latin alphabet to make Pinyin. Like with every other idea you had to steal from us “Foreign Devils” since you rammed your heads up your asses five centuries ago, you sure managed to bastardize it badly in the process.
Have you stopped eating bats yet? Are you shit-kickers still sleeping with farm animals?
Or maybe even just had the slightest inkling of treating lives as something you don’t just casually dispose of?
中国是个混蛋 !!! Zhōngguò shì gè hùndàn !!! China is asshoe !!!
And here’s my response to barbarian “asshoes” like you:
OK, with that rant out of my system…
Biden Gives Us Too Much Credit
…we can move on to the next one.
Apparently Biden (or his puppeteer) has decided we’re to blame for all of the fail in the United States today.
Sorry to disappoint you Joe (or whoever), but you managed to do that all on your own; not only that, you wouldn’t let us NOT give you the chance because you insisted on cheating your way into power.
Yep, you-all are incompetent, and so proud of it you expect our applause for your sincerity. Fuck that!!
It wouldn’t be so bad, but you insist that everyone else have to share in your misery. Nope, can’t have anyone get out from under it. Somehow your grand vision only works if every single other person on earth is forced to go along. So much as ONE PERSON not going along is enough to make it all fail, apparently.
In engineering school we’re taught that a design that has seven to eight billion single points of failure…sucks.
Actually, we weren’t taught that. Because it would never have occurred to the professors to use such a ridiculous example.
Justice Must Be Done.
The prior election must be acknowledged as fraudulent, and steps must be taken to prosecute the fraudsters and restore integrity to the system.
Nothing else matters at this point. Talking about trying again in 2022 or 2024 is hopeless otherwise. Which is not to say one must never talk about this, but rather that one must account for this in ones planning; if fixing the fraud is not part of the plan, you have no plan.
Kamala Harris has a new nickname since she finally went west from DC to El Paso Texas: Westward Hoe.
Lawyer Appeasement Section
OK now for the fine print.
This is the WQTH Daily Thread. You know the drill. There’s no Poltical correctness, but civility is a requirement. There are Important Guidelines, here, with an addendum on 20191110.
We have a new board – called The U Tree – where people can take each other to the woodshed without fear of censorship or moderation.
And remember Wheatie’s Rules:
1. No food fights 2. No running with scissors. 3. If you bring snacks, bring enough for everyone. 4. Zeroth rule of gun safety: Don’t let the government get your guns. 5. Rule one of gun safety: The gun is always loaded. 5a. If you actually want the gun to be loaded, like because you’re checking out a bump in the night, then it’s empty. 6. Rule two of gun safety: Never point the gun at anything you’re not willing to destroy. 7. Rule three: Keep your finger off the trigger until ready to fire. 8. Rule the fourth: Be sure of your target and what is behind it.
(Hmm a few extras seem to have crept in.)
Spot Prices
All prices are Kitco Ask, 3PM MT Friday (at that time the markets close for the weekend). (Note: most media quotes are for the bid…the price paid by the market makers, not the ask, which is what they will sell at. I figure the ask is more relevant to people like us who wish we could afford to buy these things. In the case of gold the difference is usually about a dollar, for the PGMs the spread is much wider.)
Gold still bouncing around. But the platinum group metals are all undeniably in decline. Palladium has almost dropped below platinum. Actually, by one measure it already has. I quote the “Ask” prices because that’s what your purchase price is (somewhat) related to, but most quote “Bid” (how much they will pay a trader for the paper, in the commodities market). Platinum has a ten dollar spread, which means the Bid is $10 less than the ask, at $874. But palladium’s spread is typically $40, so bid on that is $847. If you can see past the dyslexia hazard, that means most people today are quoting palladium at less than platinum, for the first time in a LONG time. (I suppose I should have sold when it was at $3,000?)
When I was new to this, gold was roughly $300, platinum was roughly $400, and palladium was $80 or maybe $120 though it jumped to $180 when “cold fusion” was announced. So to my gut the market was upside down with palladium the most expensive and platinum the cheapest. At least palladium is back where it belongs, now if the sale on platinum would just effing end…
Obligatory PSAs and Reminders
China is Lower than Whale Shit
Remember Hong Kong!!!
中国是个混蛋 !!! Zhōngguò shì gè hùndàn !!! China is asshoe !!!
China is in the White House
Since Wednesday, January 20 at Noon EST, the bought-and-paid for His Fraudulency Joseph Biden has been in the White House. It’s as good as having China in the Oval Office.
Joe Biden is Asshoe
China is in the White House, because Joe Biden is in the White House, and Joe Biden is identically equal to China. China is Asshoe. Therefore, Joe Biden is Asshoe.
But of course the much more important thing to realize:
Joe Biden Didn’t Win
乔*拜登没赢 !!! Qiáo Bài dēng méi yíng !!! Joe Biden didn’t win !!!
What is it that feeds our battle, yet starves our victory?
January 6 Tapes Reminder
After the first release, we were supposed to get more, every week.
As far as I know it hasn’t happened.
Speaker Johnson, please follow through!
A Caution
Just remember…we might replace the RINO candidates. (Or we might not. The record is mixed even though there is more MAGA than there used to be.) But that will make no difference in the long run if the party officials, basically the Rhonna McDaniels (or however that’s spelled–I suspect it’s RINO), don’t get replaced.
State party chairs, vice chairs, secretaries and so on, and the same at county levels, have huge influence on who ultimately gets nominated, and if these party wheelhorses are RINOs, they will work tirelessly to put their own pukey people on the ballot. In fact I’d not be surprised if some of our “MAGA” candidates are in fact, RINO plants, encouraged to run by the RINO party leadership when they realized that Lyn Cheney (and her ilk) were hopelessly compromised as effective candidates. The best way for them to deal with the opposition, of course, is to run it themselves.
Running good candidates is only HALF of the battle!
SPECIAL SECTION: Message For Our “Friends” In The Middle Kingdom
I normally save this for near the end, but…basically…up your shit-kicking barbarian asses. Yes, barbarian! It took a bunch of sailors in Western Asia to invent a real alphabet instead of badly drawn cartoons to write with. So much for your “civilization.”
Yeah, the WORLD noticed you had to borrow the Latin alphabet to make Pinyin. Like with every other idea you had to steal from us “Foreign Devils” since you rammed your heads up your asses five centuries ago, you sure managed to bastardize it badly in the process.
Have you stopped eating bats yet? Are you shit-kickers still sleeping with farm animals?
Or maybe even just had the slightest inkling of treating lives as something you don’t just casually dispose of?
中国是个混蛋 !!! Zhōngguò shì gè hùndàn !!! China is asshoe !!!
And here’s my response to barbarian “asshoes” like you:
OK, with that rant out of my system…
Biden Gives Us Too Much Credit
…we can move on to the next one.
Apparently Biden (or his puppeteer) has decided we’re to blame for all of the fail in the United States today.
Sorry to disappoint you Joe (or whoever), but you managed to do that all on your own; not only that, you wouldn’t let us NOT give you the chance because you insisted on cheating your way into power.
Yep, you-all are incompetent, and so proud of it you expect our applause for your sincerity. Fuck that!!
It wouldn’t be so bad, but you insist that everyone else have to share in your misery. Nope, can’t have anyone get out from under it. Somehow your grand vision only works if every single other person on earth is forced to go along. So much as ONE PERSON not going along is enough to make it all fail, apparently.
In engineering school we’re taught that a design that has seven to eight billion single points of failure…sucks.
Actually, we weren’t taught that. Because it would never have occurred to the professors to use such a ridiculous example.
Justice Must Be Done.
The prior election must be acknowledged as fraudulent, and steps must be taken to prosecute the fraudsters and restore integrity to the system.
Nothing else matters at this point. Talking about trying again in 2022 or 2024 is hopeless otherwise. Which is not to say one must never talk about this, but rather that one must account for this in ones planning; if fixing the fraud is not part of the plan, you have no plan.
Kamala Harris has a new nickname since she finally went west from DC to El Paso Texas: Westward Hoe.
Lawyer Appeasement Section
OK now for the fine print.
This is the WQTH Daily Thread. You know the drill. There’s no Poltical correctness, but civility is a requirement. There are Important Guidelines, here, with an addendum on 20191110.
We have a new board – called The U Tree – where people can take each other to the woodshed without fear of censorship or moderation.
And remember Wheatie’s Rules:
1. No food fights 2. No running with scissors. 3. If you bring snacks, bring enough for everyone. 4. Zeroth rule of gun safety: Don’t let the government get your guns. 5. Rule one of gun safety: The gun is always loaded. 5a. If you actually want the gun to be loaded, like because you’re checking out a bump in the night, then it’s empty. 6. Rule two of gun safety: Never point the gun at anything you’re not willing to destroy. 7. Rule three: Keep your finger off the trigger until ready to fire. 8. Rule the fourth: Be sure of your target and what is behind it.
(Hmm a few extras seem to have crept in.)
Spot Prices
All prices are Kitco Ask, 3PM MT Friday (at that time the markets close for the weekend). (Note: most media quotes are for the bid…the price paid by the market makers, not the ask, which is what they will sell at. I figure the ask is more relevant to people like us who wish we could afford to buy these things. In the case of gold the difference is usually about a dollar, for the PGMs the spread is much wider.)
Yes things are down a bit (except rhodium). BUT: Gold has now showed some staying power above $2,000. No guarantee it won’t have another Big Dip, but this looks good for the long term.
OK with that out of the way it’s time to discuss asshoes.
Obligatory PSAs and Reminders
China is Lower than Whale Shit
Remember Hong Kong!!!
中国是个混蛋 !!! Zhōngguò shì gè hùndàn !!! China is asshoe !!!
China is in the White House
Since Wednesday, January 20 at Noon EST, the bought-and-paid for His Fraudulency Joseph Biden has been in the White House. It’s as good as having China in the Oval Office.
Joe Biden is Asshoe
China is in the White House, because Joe Biden is in the White House, and Joe Biden is identically equal to China. China is Asshoe. Therefore, Joe Biden is Asshoe.
But of course the much more important thing to realize:
Joe Biden Didn’t Win
乔*拜登没赢 !!! Qiáo Bài dēng méi yíng !!! Joe Biden didn’t win !!!
What is it that feeds our battle, yet starves our victory?
January 6 Tapes Reminder
After the first release, we were supposed to get more, every week.
As far as I know it hasn’t happened.
Speaker Johnson, please follow through!
24/7, to piss on your grave. Then there will be a latrine erected there so people can make, shall we say, more substantial commentary.
A Caution
Just remember…we might replace the RINO candidates. (Or we might not. The record is mixed even though there is more MAGA than there used to be.) But that will make no difference in the long run if the party officials, basically the Rhonna McDaniels (or however that’s spelled–I suspect it’s RINO), don’t get replaced.
State party chairs, vice chairs, secretaries and so on, and the same at county levels, have huge influence on who ultimately gets nominated, and if these party wheelhorses are RINOs, they will work tirelessly to put their own pukey people on the ballot. In fact I’d not be surprised if some of our “MAGA” candidates are in fact, RINO plants, encouraged to run by the RINO party leadership when they realized that Lyn Cheney (and her ilk) were hopelessly compromised as effective candidates. The best way for them to deal with the opposition, of course, is to run it themselves.
Running good candidates is only HALF of the battle!
SPECIAL SECTION: Message For Our “Friends” In The Middle Kingdom
I normally save this for near the end, but…basically…up your shit-kicking barbarian asses. Yes, barbarian! It took a bunch of sailors in Western Asia to invent a real alphabet instead of badly drawn cartoons to write with. So much for your “civilization.”
Yeah, the WORLD noticed you had to borrow the Latin alphabet to make Pinyin. Like with every other idea you had to steal from us “Foreign Devils” since you rammed your heads up your asses five centuries ago, you sure managed to bastardize it badly in the process.
Have you stopped eating bats yet? Are you shit-kickers still sleeping with farm animals?
Or maybe even just had the slightest inkling of treating lives as something you don’t just casually dispose of?
中国是个混蛋 !!! Zhōngguò shì gè hùndàn !!! China is asshoe !!!
And here’s my response to barbarian “asshoes” like you:
OK, with that rant out of my system…
Biden Gives Us Too Much Credit
…we can move on to the next one.
Apparently Biden (or his puppeteer) has decided we’re to blame for all of the fail in the United States today.
Sorry to disappoint you Joe (or whoever), but you managed to do that all on your own; not only that, you wouldn’t let us NOT give you the chance because you insisted on cheating your way into power.
Yep, you-all are incompetent, and so proud of it you expect our applause for your sincerity. Fuck that!!
It wouldn’t be so bad, but you insist that everyone else have to share in your misery. Nope, can’t have anyone get out from under it. Somehow your grand vision only works if every single other person on earth is forced to go along. So much as ONE PERSON not going along is enough to make it all fail, apparently.
In engineering school we’re taught that a design that has seven to eight billion single points of failure…sucks.
Actually, we weren’t taught that. Because it would never have occurred to the professors to use such a ridiculous example.
Justice Must Be Done.
The prior election must be acknowledged as fraudulent, and steps must be taken to prosecute the fraudsters and restore integrity to the system.
Nothing else matters at this point. Talking about trying again in 2022 or 2024 is hopeless otherwise. Which is not to say one must never talk about this, but rather that one must account for this in ones planning; if fixing the fraud is not part of the plan, you have no plan.
Kamala Harris has a new nickname since she finally went west from DC to El Paso Texas: Westward Hoe.
Lawyer Appeasement Section
OK now for the fine print.
This is the WQTH Daily Thread. You know the drill. There’s no Poltical correctness, but civility is a requirement. There are Important Guidelines, here, with an addendum on 20191110.
We have a new board – called The U Tree – where people can take each other to the woodshed without fear of censorship or moderation.
And remember Wheatie’s Rules:
1. No food fights 2. No running with scissors. 3. If you bring snacks, bring enough for everyone. 4. Zeroth rule of gun safety: Don’t let the government get your guns. 5. Rule one of gun safety: The gun is always loaded. 5a. If you actually want the gun to be loaded, like because you’re checking out a bump in the night, then it’s empty. 6. Rule two of gun safety: Never point the gun at anything you’re not willing to destroy. 7. Rule three: Keep your finger off the trigger until ready to fire. 8. Rule the fourth: Be sure of your target and what is behind it.
(Hmm a few extras seem to have crept in.)
Spot Prices
All prices are Kitco Ask, 3PM MT Friday (at that time the markets close for the weekend). (Note: most media quotes are for the bid…the price paid by the market makers, not the ask, which is what they will sell at. I figure the ask is more relevant to people like us who wish we could afford to buy these things. In the case of gold the difference is usually about a dollar, for the PGMs the spread is much wider.)
This is a record high close for gold. It jumped up $35 on Friday. I do not know what the absolute high point was, earlier in the day, other than it was around $2,075. Many analysts expect a sustained push beyond $2,100. Meanwhile palladium’s slow decline continues. Silver is climbing (but nowhere near its 1980 high of roughly $50, even without adjusting for inflation). Platinum seems stable.
How We Know What Classical Latin Sounded Like
I stated earlier this week, as a side note to something else, that the Latin of Julius Caesar sounded a bit different from the Latin spoken by the Catholic Church (i.e., the one headquartered within Rome). We don’t know everything, exactly, but we do know a lot.
I got some pushback, and some arguments that demonstrated that some people simply don’t believe (or don’t understand the consequences of) the fact that languages change over time, especially when there are no audio recordings.
People are right to not simply take my word for it though, so I’ll bring some of the reasoning.
It at first seems a daunting task to reconstruct the sounds of a language when there were no audio recordings. (Well, I suppose if aliens have been watching us for millennia, there might be. Just the thought of that is enough to make historical linguists drool.)
Historical Linguistics (sometimes called diachronic linguistics) is the study of language change over time. (It is a science, albeit a rather “soft” one, so I expect and hope Wolf will be filing this in the sidebar.) This means it’s concerned with how one language changes over time, and the process by which one widespread language splits into multiple languages.
A good, down-home example of the former is the changes that English has gone through since the Germanic invasions and settlement of Britain in (roughly) 500 CE. And the change is considerable. Our founding fathers’ writing patterns seem quaint but we usually have no trouble understanding them (except for those times we only think we understand them…fortunately those don’t arise much in the documents). Shakespeare is notably harder to deal with. The King James Bible translation was made in Shakespeare’s day, and deliberately had some archaic language in it for gravitas, and it gets more difficult. Not only old words, but sometimes a word we use today meant something different back then and we get tripped up. The moral of that story: over generations words can shift meanings. But there’s more. In the couple of centuries before Shakespeare, and even during Shakespeare’s day, we underwent something called the “Great Vowel Shift” where the sounds of the vowels all changed, over the span of less than a century. I…formerly pronounced like the i in machine, but with a little more duration (making it “long”), became pronounced like aye. (And we still call it “long I” even though it’s not actually long in duration.) Meet, meat, and the middle e in serene changed from sounding like today’s e in bet, or an Italian e, to sounding like I used to sound. The a in mate used to be a long-in-duration ah, and sounds…well like it sounds today…a combination of former e and i called a diphthong. These are vowels that are pronounced in the front of the mouth with the tongue at different heights, and they all shifted up one place once “i” became “eye.” Curiously this happened mostly to our “long” vowels. Instead of just being the same as the short vowels, only pronounced for twice as long, they shifted.
Other similar changes upward happened with o and u (which are pronounced in the back of the mouth.
If you’ve ever taken Spanish, you’ve noticed that a, e, i, o, and u are pronounced quite differently than in English, and you may have thought it a bit weird. It turns out Spanish is much closer to the original pronunciations; we’re the weird ones. We used to have more Spanish-like pronunciations (though we sometimes lengthened a vowel). Then we spent 1400-1700 bodging all this, and making our own spelling hard for us and completely incomprehensible for others.
And the International Phonetic Alphabet actually goes with the older usages. I like machine. e like the Italian e (which we don’t have any more and fake with the day diphthong), a like in father (and never like in day), u as in fool, and o sort-of as in vote. (Another diphthong used to fake a pure sound we don’t have any more.) The e in bet is actually a different sound represented in the IPA with ε. (Linguists usually write actual sound values like this: /i/ to distinguish them from some language’s letter I which might mean something totally different.)
So…sounds can change with time, too.
And languages can split. Most famous here is Latin, splitting into Italian, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Romanian, and a whole host of other languages that don’t happen to share the names of countries. And within each of these, very distinctive dialects that are sometimes different enough that it’s debatable whether it’s the same language any more. It’s actually a gradient. The local language spoken in Marseille (as opposed to the Parisian French in the schools) isn’t terribly different from the tongue spoken in nearby parts of Italy…or the tongue spoken in northwestern Spain. They’re geographically close, but in all three places a faraway capital imposes a “standard” language, and those standard languages differ far more (especially French, which has undergone some serious pronunciation changes).
In this case every local group’s language has slowly shifted, in slightly different directions, until they’re quite separate, and it’s hard to understand other languages (the further away, the worse), if it can be done at all.
Some languages change more than others; historical linguists love finding a language that is “conservative” meaning it hasn’t changed too much. The Baltic languages (Latvian and Lithuanian) apparently haven’t changed much; neither has Icelandic (the other Scandinavian tongues have changed a lot more).
Okay…so there’s some examples.
Latin, of course, was originally spoken in Latium, the region around Rome in Italy.
Latium is now called “Lazio” which just goes to make the point about changes. This is one that in hindsight is no surprise. /t/ before /i/ tends to become /ts/ (spelled z in Italian). Why? Because people are lazy and start to slur their words, eventually the slur becomes normal. If the process were to continue, the /t/ might disappear entirely leaving just /si/. This has been seen under so many different occasions world wide that now if we have two related languages and one has /ti/ where the other has /tsi/ or even /si/ we know the second language is the one that changed.
Sometimes, though, you have just one language and since not all possible changes will actually happen (otherwise Latin would never have split up, just changed the same everywhere), it can be hard to figure out what the original sound was.
But with Latin we have multiple descendant languages. And we have something else; we have writings in other languages, trying to render Latin words.
For instance we have the Greek spellings of Latin words. And in this case, without fail, the Greeks rendered Latin “C” with Greek “Κ” (kappa). Kappa is never pronounced as anything other than /k/. Never /s/ and never /tʃ/ (our ch). Now one might say that the Greeks don’t have a /tʃ/ sound so they might have faked it with kappa, but that’s very doubtful. /tʃ/ is pronounced in the front of the mouth, /k/ in the back. The Greeks would have likely faked /tʃ/ with tau and sigma: τς or τσ, not with some sound from the back of the mouth. They don’t have a match for ʃ (sh) at all, but /s/ is pronounced in almost the same place.
Thus “vici” was pronounced with a hard /k/, as was Caesar, and Cicero. We also have Roman authors asking why on earth they don’t just get rid of the letter K since it’s pronounced just like C. (It’s a part of the Latin alphabet but rarely used; kalends is probably the most common Latin word I see with that K. Kyrie is borrowed from the Greek.)
OK, so now onto the other bone of contention, the V.
We again have Greeks rendering Roman words with the v in them, and again without failure, it’s never with the letter the Greeks use for v (more on that below). For example Valerius (a commonly used name) is rendered in Greek as Ουαλεριος (Oualerios). The Greeks didn’t (and still don’t) have /w/, but /Ου/ was pronounced /u/ and that’s very, very close, in a diphthong it is basically a /w/. We can tell when V changed from /w/ to /v/ though, because later Greek inscriptions rendered ‘Valerius’ as Βαλεριος, starting with the Greek letter beta.
Beta (Β, β) has been pronounced like /v/ not /b/, since about 200 BCE and is still /v/ today. (If Greeks want to spell the /b/ sound today, they use μπ.) /b/ and /v/, note, are both pronounced in the front of the mouth, one is a stop and the other is a fricative. If you pronounce the sounds and pay attention to what your mouth and lips are doing, you’ll see what I mean.
And this is why Cyrillic В is a /v/; Cyrillic was based on Greek in the 9th century, well after that shift happened. Cyrus and Methodius were aware of the old pronunciation, so /b/ is represented with a variant shape, Б, right before В in the Cyrillic alphabet.
Now as to the point of why Eccesiastical (Church) Latin sounds so much like Italian today (used as an argument for it not having changed at all), the reason it sounds so much like Italian, is because it is largely Italians who have been using it. The Church is based in Rome; they’re surrounded by Italians, most of the staff are Italians, and in fact even today 49 out of 241 cardinals are Italians. As Italian changed into its present form, the “frozen” Latin from the early centuries of the Church changed its pronunciation (the one thing not preserved in writing) to match. Grammar and vocubulary (as spelled) did not change, because it was preserved in writing.
Bonus video:
An American, fluent in Latin, using the classical pronunciation (wenee, weedi, weeky) in Rome. You can see it’s a bit of a struggle but they eventually get it.
And again at the Colosseum. I haven’t watched this one like I have the others, but if he’s really asking where the Flavian Amphitheater is, they’re entitled to ask him if he’s fricking blind. (The Flavian Amphitheater is what the Romans called the Colosseum.):
A more open experiment: I believe in this case he actually asked the Romans to try the experiment of speaking in Latin. Some things are easy, some things they couldn’t get:
And going to the Vatican. This time he used the Ecclesiastical pronunciation (vennee, veedee, veechee) which is how they’re used to it. Still, few people there claimed fluency:
OK with that out of the way it’s time to discuss asshoes.
Obligatory PSAs and Reminders
China is Lower than Whale Shit
Remember Hong Kong!!!
中国是个混蛋 !!! Zhōngguò shì gè hùndàn !!! China is asshoe !!!
China is in the White House
Since Wednesday, January 20 at Noon EST, the bought-and-paid for His Fraudulency Joseph Biden has been in the White House. It’s as good as having China in the Oval Office.
Joe Biden is Asshoe
China is in the White House, because Joe Biden is in the White House, and Joe Biden is identically equal to China. China is Asshoe. Therefore, Joe Biden is Asshoe.
But of course the much more important thing to realize:
Joe Biden Didn’t Win
乔*拜登没赢 !!! Qiáo Bài dēng méi yíng !!! Joe Biden didn’t win !!!
You LOST and now because of the shenanigans you tried to pull to get back in, everyone knows what a backstabbing ratfucking turd you are.
Have fun looking at yourself in the mirror every morning.
Just know that when you pass on there will be a line around the block, 24/7, to piss on your grave. Then there will be a latrine erected there so people can make, shall we say, more substantial commentary.
A Caution
Just remember…we might replace the RINO candidates. (Or we might not. The record is mixed even though there is more MAGA than there used to be.) But that will make no difference in the long run if the party officials, basically the Rhonna McDaniels (or however that’s spelled–I suspect it’s RINO), don’t get replaced.
State party chairs, vice chairs, secretaries and so on, and the same at county levels, have huge influence on who ultimately gets nominated, and if these party wheelhorses are RINOs, they will work tirelessly to put their own pukey people on the ballot. In fact I’d not be surprised if some of our “MAGA” candidates are in fact, RINO plants, encouraged to run by the RINO party leadership when they realized that Lyn Cheney (and her ilk) were hopelessly compromised as effective candidates. The best way for them to deal with the opposition, of course, is to run it themselves.
Running good candidates is only HALF of the battle!
SPECIAL SECTION: Message For Our “Friends” In The Middle Kingdom
I normally save this for near the end, but…basically…up your shit-kicking barbarian asses. Yes, barbarian! It took a bunch of sailors in Western Asia to invent a real alphabet instead of badly drawn cartoons to write with. So much for your “civilization.”
Yeah, the WORLD noticed you had to borrow the Latin alphabet to make Pinyin. Like with every other idea you had to steal from us “Foreign Devils” since you rammed your heads up your asses five centuries ago, you sure managed to bastardize it badly in the process.
Have you stopped eating bats yet? Are you shit-kickers still sleeping with farm animals?
Or maybe even just had the slightest inkling of treating lives as something you don’t just casually dispose of?
中国是个混蛋 !!! Zhōngguò shì gè hùndàn !!! China is asshoe !!!
And here’s my response to barbarian “asshoes” like you:
OK, with that rant out of my system…
Biden Gives Us Too Much Credit
…we can move on to the next one.
Apparently Biden (or his puppeteer) has decided we’re to blame for all of the fail in the United States today.
Sorry to disappoint you Joe (or whoever), but you managed to do that all on your own; not only that, you wouldn’t let us NOT give you the chance because you insisted on cheating your way into power.
Yep, you-all are incompetent, and so proud of it you expect our applause for your sincerity. Fuck that!!
It wouldn’t be so bad, but you insist that everyone else have to share in your misery. Nope, can’t have anyone get out from under it. Somehow your grand vision only works if every single other person on earth is forced to go along. So much as ONE PERSON not going along is enough to make it all fail, apparently.
In engineering school we’re taught that a design that has seven to eight billion single points of failure…sucks.
Actually, we weren’t taught that. Because it would never have occurred to the professors to use such a ridiculous example.
Justice Must Be Done.
The prior election must be acknowledged as fraudulent, and steps must be taken to prosecute the fraudsters and restore integrity to the system.
Nothing else matters at this point. Talking about trying again in 2022 or 2024 is hopeless otherwise. Which is not to say one must never talk about this, but rather that one must account for this in ones planning; if fixing the fraud is not part of the plan, you have no plan.
Kamala Harris has a new nickname since she finally went west from DC to El Paso Texas: Westward Hoe.
Lawyer Appeasement Section
OK now for the fine print.
This is the WQTH Daily Thread. You know the drill. There’s no Poltical correctness, but civility is a requirement. There are Important Guidelines, here, with an addendum on 20191110.
We have a new board – called The U Tree – where people can take each other to the woodshed without fear of censorship or moderation.
And remember Wheatie’s Rules:
1. No food fights 2. No running with scissors. 3. If you bring snacks, bring enough for everyone. 4. Zeroth rule of gun safety: Don’t let the government get your guns. 5. Rule one of gun safety: The gun is always loaded. 5a. If you actually want the gun to be loaded, like because you’re checking out a bump in the night, then it’s empty. 6. Rule two of gun safety: Never point the gun at anything you’re not willing to destroy. 7. Rule three: Keep your finger off the trigger until ready to fire. 8. Rule the fourth: Be sure of your target and what is behind it.
(Hmm a few extras seem to have crept in.)
Spot Prices
All prices are Kitco Ask, 3PM MT Friday (at that time the markets close for the weekend).
After spending the whole week in the neighborhood of $1980-1985 and opening at that level Friday, gold blooped up over the $2K mark sometime during the day.
Silver is just not doing well. It’s up for Friday but overall down, even as gold is climbing. I’m not sure when rhodium took the hit, but on Friday it actually went up a hundred bucks to end, well, still below where it was last week.
Palladium was the only loser on Friday but did close up for the week.
A Little Lighthearted Fun
Well, it’s not politics. But this is where I usually stick science stuff (when I can think of something to write about) or maybe even math, so…This one has been going around on YouTube, with plenty of reaction videos from real mathematicians and scientists watching, delighted at all of the hidden references and the visuals. It touches a LOT on the sorts of things I talked about in my recent series on numbers that culminated in Gauss’s Formula and Identity.
The last minute or so starting with the squiggly symbol (ζ; lower case Greek zeta) it goes beyond my ken. I don’t know what that symbol means in this context.
So for the people here who will appreciate it and understand (most of) it:
Obligatory PSAs and Reminders
China is Lower than Whale Shit
Remember Hong Kong!!!
中国是个混蛋 !!! Zhōngguò shì gè hùndàn !!! China is asshoe !!!
China is in the White House
Since Wednesday, January 20 at Noon EST, the bought-and-paid for His Fraudulency Joseph Biden has been in the White House. It’s as good as having China in the Oval Office.
Joe Biden is Asshoe
China is in the White House, because Joe Biden is in the White House, and Joe Biden is identically equal to China. China is Asshoe. Therefore, Joe Biden is Asshoe.
But of course the much more important thing to realize:
Joe Biden Didn’t Win
乔*拜登没赢 !!! Qiáo Bài dēng méi yíng !!! Joe Biden didn’t win !!!
Just remember…we might replace the RINO candidates. (Or we might not. The record is mixed even though there is more MAGA than there used to be.) But that will make no difference in the long run if the party officials, basically the Rhonna McDaniels (or however that’s spelled–I suspect it’s RINO), don’t get replaced.
State party chairs, vice chairs, secretaries and so on, and the same at county levels, have huge influence on who ultimately gets nominated, and if these party wheelhorses are RINOs, they will work tirelessly to put their own pukey people on the ballot. In fact I’d not be surprised if some of our “MAGA” candidates are in fact, RINO plants, encouraged to run by the RINO party leadership when they realized that Lyn Cheney (and her ilk) were hopelessly compromised as effective candidates. The best way for them to deal with the opposition, of course, is to run it themselves.
Running good candidates is only HALF of the battle!
SPECIAL SECTION: Message For Our “Friends” In The Middle Kingdom
I normally save this for near the end, but…basically…up your shit-kicking barbarian asses. Yes, barbarian! It took a bunch of sailors in Western Asia to invent a real alphabet instead of badly drawn cartoons to write with. So much for your “civilization.”
Yeah, the WORLD noticed you had to borrow the Latin alphabet to make Pinyin. Like with every other idea you had to steal from us “Foreign Devils” since you rammed your heads up your asses five centuries ago, you sure managed to bastardize it badly in the process.
Have you stopped eating bats yet? Are you shit-kickers still sleeping with farm animals?
Or maybe even just had the slightest inkling of treating lives as something you don’t just casually dispose of?
中国是个混蛋 !!! Zhōngguò shì gè hùndàn !!! China is asshoe !!!
And here’s my response to barbarian “asshoes” like you:
OK, with that rant out of my system…
Biden Gives Us Too Much Credit
…we can move on to the next one.
Apparently Biden (or his puppeteer) has decided we’re to blame for all of the fail in the United States today.
Sorry to disappoint you Joe (or whoever), but you managed to do that all on your own; not only that, you wouldn’t let us NOT give you the chance because you insisted on cheating your way into power.
Yep, you-all are incompetent, and so proud of it you expect our applause for your sincerity. Fuck that!!
It wouldn’t be so bad, but you insist that everyone else have to share in your misery. Nope, can’t have anyone get out from under it. Somehow your grand vision only works if every single other person on earth is forced to go along. So much as ONE PERSON not going along is enough to make it all fail, apparently.
In engineering school we’re taught that a design that has seven to eight billion single points of failure…sucks.
Actually, we weren’t taught that. Because it would never have occurred to the professors to use such a ridiculous example.
Justice Must Be Done.
The prior election must be acknowledged as fraudulent, and steps must be taken to prosecute the fraudsters and restore integrity to the system.
Nothing else matters at this point. Talking about trying again in 2022 or 2024 is hopeless otherwise. Which is not to say one must never talk about this, but rather that one must account for this in ones planning; if fixing the fraud is not part of the plan, you have no plan.
Kamala Harris has a new nickname since she finally went west from DC to El Paso Texas: Westward Hoe.
Lawyer Appeasement Section
OK now for the fine print.
This is the WQTH Daily Thread. You know the drill. There’s no Poltical correctness, but civility is a requirement. There are Important Guidelines, here, with an addendum on 20191110.
We have a new board – called The U Tree – where people can take each other to the woodshed without fear of censorship or moderation.
And remember Wheatie’s Rules:
1. No food fights 2. No running with scissors. 3. If you bring snacks, bring enough for everyone. 4. Zeroth rule of gun safety: Don’t let the government get your guns. 5. Rule one of gun safety: The gun is always loaded. 5a. If you actually want the gun to be loaded, like because you’re checking out a bump in the night, then it’s empty. 6. Rule two of gun safety: Never point the gun at anything you’re not willing to destroy. 7. Rule three: Keep your finger off the trigger until ready to fire. 8. Rule the fourth: Be sure of your target and what is behind it.
(Hmm a few extras seem to have crept in.)
Spot Prices
All prices are Kitco Ask, 3PM MT Friday (at that time the markets close for the weekend).
Wow…this is very little movement. Noise level in fact. Except for silver where just under 50 cents up is actually significant, proportionately speaking.
Obligatory PSAs and Reminders
China is Lower than Whale Shit
Remember Hong Kong!!!
中国是个混蛋 !!! Zhōngguò shì gè hùndàn !!! China is asshoe !!!
China is in the White House
Since Wednesday, January 20 at Noon EST, the bought-and-paid for His Fraudulency Joseph Biden has been in the White House. It’s as good as having China in the Oval Office.
Joe Biden is Asshoe
China is in the White House, because Joe Biden is in the White House, and Joe Biden is identically equal to China. China is Asshoe. Therefore, Joe Biden is Asshoe.
But of course the much more important thing to realize:
Joe Biden Didn’t Win
乔*拜登没赢 !!! Qiáo Bài dēng méi yíng !!! Joe Biden didn’t win !!!
Just remember…we might replace the RINO candidates. (Or we might not. The record is mixed even though there is more MAGA than there used to be.) But that will make no difference in the long run if the party officials, basically the Rhonna McDaniels (or however that’s spelled–I suspect it’s RINO), don’t get replaced.
State party chairs, vice chairs, secretaries and so on, and the same at county levels, have huge influence on who ultimately gets nominated, and if these party wheelhorses are RINOs, they will work tirelessly to put their own pukey people on the ballot. In fact I’d not be surprised if some of our “MAGA” candidates are in fact, RINO plants, encouraged to run by the RINO party leadership when they realized that Lyn Cheney (and her ilk) were hopelessly compromised as effective candidates. The best way for them to deal with the opposition, of course, is to run it themselves.
Running good candidates is only HALF of the battle!
SPECIAL SECTION: Message For Our “Friends” In The Middle Kingdom
I normally save this for near the end, but…basically…up your shit-kicking barbarian asses. Yes, barbarian! It took a bunch of sailors in Western Asia to invent a real alphabet instead of badly drawn cartoons to write with. So much for your “civilization.”
Yeah, the WORLD noticed you had to borrow the Latin alphabet to make Pinyin. Like with every other idea you had to steal from us “Foreign Devils” since you rammed your heads up your asses five centuries ago, you sure managed to bastardize it badly in the process.
Have you stopped eating bats yet? Are you shit-kickers still sleeping with farm animals?
Or maybe even just had the slightest inkling of treating lives as something you don’t just casually dispose of?
中国是个混蛋 !!! Zhōngguò shì gè hùndàn !!! China is asshoe !!!
And here’s my response to barbarian “asshoes” like you:
OK, with that rant out of my system…
Biden Gives Us Too Much Credit
…we can move on to the next one.
Apparently Biden (or his puppeteer) has decided we’re to blame for all of the fail in the United States today.
Sorry to disappoint you Joe (or whoever), but you managed to do that all on your own; not only that, you wouldn’t let us NOT give you the chance because you insisted on cheating your way into power.
Yep, you-all are incompetent, and so proud of it you expect our applause for your sincerity. Fuck that!!
It wouldn’t be so bad, but you insist that everyone else have to share in your misery. Nope, can’t have anyone get out from under it. Somehow your grand vision only works if every single other person on earth is forced to go along. So much as ONE PERSON not going along is enough to make it all fail, apparently.
In engineering school we’re taught that a design that has seven to eight billion single points of failure…sucks.
Actually, we weren’t taught that. Because it would never have occurred to the professors to use such a ridiculous example.
Justice Must Be Done.
The prior election must be acknowledged as fraudulent, and steps must be taken to prosecute the fraudsters and restore integrity to the system.
Nothing else matters at this point. Talking about trying again in 2022 or 2024 is hopeless otherwise. Which is not to say one must never talk about this, but rather that one must account for this in ones planning; if fixing the fraud is not part of the plan, you have no plan.
Kamala Harris has a new nickname since she finally went west from DC to El Paso Texas: Westward Hoe.
Lawyer Appeasement Section
OK now for the fine print.
This is the WQTH Daily Thread. You know the drill. There’s no Poltical correctness, but civility is a requirement. There are Important Guidelines, here, with an addendum on 20191110.
We have a new board – called The U Tree – where people can take each other to the woodshed without fear of censorship or moderation.
And remember Wheatie’s Rules:
1. No food fights 2. No running with scissors. 3. If you bring snacks, bring enough for everyone. 4. Zeroth rule of gun safety: Don’t let the government get your guns. 5. Rule one of gun safety: The gun is always loaded. 5a. If you actually want the gun to be loaded, like because you’re checking out a bump in the night, then it’s empty. 6. Rule two of gun safety: Never point the gun at anything you’re not willing to destroy. 7. Rule three: Keep your finger off the trigger until ready to fire. 8. Rule the fourth: Be sure of your target and what is behind it.
(Hmm a few extras seem to have crept in.)
Spot Prices
All prices are Kitco Ask, 3PM MT Friday (at that time the markets close for the weekend).
Gold sliding. I guess to Wall Street things are just fine. Meanwhile we work for bullshit pay and inflation keeps on going…
Watch Me Pull A Rabbit Out Of My Hat
Last week we left off showing that it’s possible using the Maclaurin series (a special case of the Taylor series) to compute sines and cosines of angles. The closer the angle is to zero, the easier it is to do.
Technically you don’t get an exact answer unless you run the series out forever, but you can typically get acceptable precision in just a few terms.
Here they are, sine and cosine:
sinx = x – x3/3! +x5/5! – x7/7!…
cosx = 1 + –x2/2! + x4/4! + –x6/6! + x8/8! +…
But if you recall, from way back, there is another such series for the exponential function, i.e., ex.
(It’s so much nicer when I can find an image of a properly typeset formula, ain’t it?)
Can We Tie Trig and Exponentials To Each Other?
Take a really close look at these three formulas. Compare like terms…and by that I mean x3 in one formula should be compared to x3 in another, and so on.
You’ll notice that the formula for ex contains terms for every power of x. Sinx, on the other hand contains only the odd-power elements, and cosx contains only the even-power elements.
It’s almost as if you could somehow combine sine and cosine to get the exponential function.
But if you add the sine and cosine functions together you get this:
Well…it’s almost right. Except for one rather awkward problem. The terms have two positive signs, then two negative signs, then two positive signs, then two negative signs. and so on, whereas the exponential series has nothing but positive signs.
And you can’t fix this by subtracting cosine from sine (or vice versa), thereby flipping some signs, because some of those errant negative signs come from sinx and some from cosx.
You still have an alternating sequence of two positive numbers then two negative numbers, then two positive numbers, and so on; you’ve just shifted where the pairs of negatives and positives are in the sequence.
So what looked like something that would have been a really cool way to tie trigonometry to the exponential function, fails.
Tying Up A Loose End
I mentioned here: https://www.theqtree.com/2023/06/24/2023%c2%b706%c2%b724-joe-biden-didnt-win-daily-thread/ that complex numbers, i.e., numbers of the form a + bi,where i is the square root of -1, could have all sorts of things done to them, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division…and you could even raise other numbers to complex powers. I said that last part, but then I said I’d have to talk about it some other week.
Well, this is that week.
Nothing says that the x in the Maclaurin series has to be a real number.
So why don’t we plug a complex number into the Maclaurin series for ex to see what happens?
Well I can tell you beforehand what will happen if we plug a + bi into it…we’re going to have to square that expression, then cube it, then raise it to the fourth power, and the fifth, and we will have a gawdawful mess on our hands very, very quickly.
But really, that would be a chimpanzee move.
ea+bi, after all is ea x ebi. By splitting it up this way, we can handle the two pieces separately and then (at the end) multiply them together. We already have a handle on ea but we should check on ebi since the power we are raising e to is an imaginary number. So let’s set ea aside (but we will not forget it’s there).
This doesn’t seem to do much for us; you could put anything in for x and you will be raising it to all those powers. But i has a very interesting behavior when you raise it to successive powers, and we can use that here:
In other words it goes through a 1, i, -1, –i cycle, over and over again. So we can go back to the expansion above and replace all of the i-to-the-somethingth powers with the appropriate value (and do more simplifications….0! is defined to be 1, and any number raised to the 0th power is also 1). Also, when we do this if there is an i or –i we’ll bring it to the front.
Now some of the terms have i in them and some do not, which makes this the epitome of a complex number. It’s a little hard to deal with this in this form, so let’s collect all the real terms together, and all the imaginary terms together–like we would for any complex number. We end up with the sum of two series:
The first series is the same as the expansion of cosx from earlier, except of course it’s on b instead of x. Makes no difference. They’re the same.
The second series, moreover is i times the sinx series from above (again with b substituted for x).
In other words, switching back to x:
eix = cosx + isinx.
Well, well, well. We can connect exponentials and trig functions after all! We just needed a bit of (I can’t resist) imagination, taking the exponent of an imaginary number and getting a result that has both a real and imaginary component.
This is known as Euler’s equation, after Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) who first noted it. Euler is arguably the greatest mathematician that ever lived though he has plenty of stiff competition from others.
It would be hard to overstate the importance of this result. It underlies much of physics, and is all over the place in electrical engineering.
And yet you never hear about it in the popularizations of science (well, not until now).
This is largely because, in order to get here, you need a pretty solid advanced math background. Or someone who’s willing to skip over a lot of formal proofs as he presents it to you. Most math educators won’t do that, and rightly so. Mathematics education relies on proving everything along every step of the way. It’s bullshit-free, everything is proved based on what comes before and you don’t have to trust the perfessor or take his word for anything. And here I am giving it to with little in the way of proofs and enough hand-waving that I am raising myself off the floor from flapping my arms so hard. (As such, if you find this interesting, I ask that you at least ask someone else with the right knowledge if it’s true. DO NOT just take my word for it. Better yet, take a bunch of math courses.)
Putting It Back Together
But there’s one little detail that must be dealt with. We got here by trying to raise e to the a+bi power, and we set aside the ea that we must multiply ebi by. So let’s put them back together.
ea+bi = eaebi = ea(cosb + isinb)
But now, the last thing should remind you of something. (Though this time I will not jump on the table and yell that it should do so.)
It looks a bit like how you convert polar to rectangular coordinates.
<r, θ> = (rcosθ , rsinθ)
And if you consider your rectangular coordinates to be complex number in a complex number plane, you get:
<r, θ> = r(cosθ + isinθ)
So another way to represent ea+bi is:
ea+bi = <ea, b>
I’ve said before that the angle brackets < and > are not standard mathematical notation. I just use them as a visual cue that the coordinates are polar coordinates. Mathematicians generally don’t bother with that, they just use parentheses for both cases. But sometimes (actually rather often) they will write polar coordinates like this:
<r, θ> as: reiθ
(And need I remind you: the angle must be expressed in radians. eiθ will give you the sine and cosine of θ, but only if θ is radians. Another reason why mathematicians prefer radians.)
A Maximally Geeky Bonus
What if θ is π? (I.e., what if θ is 180 degrees?)
The sine of π is zero. The cosine of π is -1.
So if eiθ = cosθ + isinθ, and θ = π, then eiπ = cosπ + isinπ = -1 + 0.
eiπ = -1
Adding 1 to both sides we get:
eiπ + 1 = 0
Note the beauty of this. It contains all three of the numbers I introduced you to, e, π, and i, plus the numbers 0 and 1–which I sure hope I did not have to introduce you to (though maybe some reader of this took woke mathematics and got to hear about “saving the planet” instead of actual math).
Arguably these are the five most important numbers in mathematics, and one formula ties them together, and no other more mundane number appears in the formula.
This is known as Euler’s identity, and it’s a favorite. There’s absolutely no way anyone can see this intuitively, no way to see that e, i, and π should be related to each other in any way, much less all three of them directly like this.
And yet they are. And much of our modern world depends on this crazy little fact.
Obligatory PSAs and Reminders
China is Lower than Whale Shit
Remember Hong Kong!!!
中国是个混蛋 !!! Zhōngguò shì gè hùndàn !!! China is asshoe !!!
China is in the White House
Since Wednesday, January 20 at Noon EST, the bought-and-paid for His Fraudulency Joseph Biden has been in the White House. It’s as good as having China in the Oval Office.
Joe Biden is Asshoe
China is in the White House, because Joe Biden is in the White House, and Joe Biden is identically equal to China. China is Asshoe. Therefore, Joe Biden is Asshoe.
But of course the much more important thing to realize:
Joe Biden Didn’t Win
乔*拜登没赢 !!! Qiáo Bài dēng méi yíng !!! Joe Biden didn’t win !!!
Just remember…we might replace the RINO candidates. (Or we might not. The record is mixed even though there is more MAGA than there used to be.) But that will make no difference in the long run if the party officials, basically the Rhonna McDaniels (or however that’s spelled–I suspect it’s RINO), don’t get replaced.
State party chairs, vice chairs, secretaries and so on, and the same at county levels, have huge influence on who ultimately gets nominated, and if these party wheelhorses are RINOs, they will work tirelessly to put their own pukey people on the ballot. In fact I’d not be surprised if some of our “MAGA” candidates are in fact, RINO plants, encouraged to run by the RINO party leadership when they realized that Lyn Cheney (and her ilk) were hopelessly compromised as effective candidates. The best way for them to deal with the opposition, of course, is to run it themselves.
Running good candidates is only HALF of the battle!
SPECIAL SECTION: Message For Our “Friends” In The Middle Kingdom
I normally save this for near the end, but…basically…up your shit-kicking barbarian asses. Yes, barbarian! It took a bunch of sailors in Western Asia to invent a real alphabet instead of badly drawn cartoons to write with. So much for your “civilization.”
Yeah, the WORLD noticed you had to borrow the Latin alphabet to make Pinyin. Like with every other idea you had to steal from us “Foreign Devils” since you rammed your heads up your asses five centuries ago, you sure managed to bastardize it badly in the process.
Have you stopped eating bats yet? Are you shit-kickers still sleeping with farm animals?
Or maybe even just had the slightest inkling of treating lives as something you don’t just casually dispose of?
中国是个混蛋 !!! Zhōngguò shì gè hùndàn !!! China is asshoe !!!
And here’s my response to barbarian “asshoes” like you:
OK, with that rant out of my system…
Biden Gives Us Too Much Credit
…we can move on to the next one.
Apparently Biden (or his puppeteer) has decided we’re to blame for all of the fail in the United States today.
Sorry to disappoint you Joe (or whoever), but you managed to do that all on your own; not only that, you wouldn’t let us NOT give you the chance because you insisted on cheating your way into power.
Yep, you-all are incompetent, and so proud of it you expect our applause for your sincerity. Fuck that!!
It wouldn’t be so bad, but you insist that everyone else have to share in your misery. Nope, can’t have anyone get out from under it. Somehow your grand vision only works if every single other person on earth is forced to go along. So much as ONE PERSON not going along is enough to make it all fail, apparently.
In engineering school we’re taught that a design that has seven to eight billion single points of failure…sucks.
Actually, we weren’t taught that. Because it would never have occurred to the professors to use such a ridiculous example.
Justice Must Be Done.
The prior election must be acknowledged as fraudulent, and steps must be taken to prosecute the fraudsters and restore integrity to the system.
Nothing else matters at this point. Talking about trying again in 2022 or 2024 is hopeless otherwise. Which is not to say one must never talk about this, but rather that one must account for this in ones planning; if fixing the fraud is not part of the plan, you have no plan.
Kamala Harris has a new nickname since she finally went west from DC to El Paso Texas: Westward Hoe.
Lawyer Appeasement Section
OK now for the fine print.
This is the WQTH Daily Thread. You know the drill. There’s no Poltical correctness, but civility is a requirement. There are Important Guidelines, here, with an addendum on 20191110.
We have a new board – called The U Tree – where people can take each other to the woodshed without fear of censorship or moderation.
And remember Wheatie’s Rules:
1. No food fights 2. No running with scissors. 3. If you bring snacks, bring enough for everyone. 4. Zeroth rule of gun safety: Don’t let the government get your guns. 5. Rule one of gun safety: The gun is always loaded. 5a. If you actually want the gun to be loaded, like because you’re checking out a bump in the night, then it’s empty. 6. Rule two of gun safety: Never point the gun at anything you’re not willing to destroy. 7. Rule three: Keep your finger off the trigger until ready to fire. 8. Rule the fourth: Be sure of your target and what is behind it.
(Hmm a few extras seem to have crept in.)
A Side Rant (not my main science post)
I’ve seen multiple articles now (including one on Friday) that played fast-and-loose with the terms “rare earth element” and “rare earth metal” that I am going to just try (futilely) to set the record straight.
The two articles, one an old one that keeps regurgitating itself on the internet that called lithium a rare earth, and one recently that implied gallium was a rare earth, are the sort of thing that try to sound educated, but the analyst gets some basic facts right. Which is a shame because in both cases the basic conclusion is right. Whether certain metals are rare earth metals or not, it’s nevertheless a really bad idea to rely on China to supply them.
Unfortunately if these guys get this basic fact wrong, many of the other facts they bring to their argument are also suspect, and I’d hesitate to use them in an argument. Which means I can’t use their articles as sources to try to convince someone else that we shouldn’t trust China (because…I seem to recall someone saying China is Asshole).
OK, exhibit One: the periodic table:
Note the coloration, representing different groupings of elements. Red and Orange are the Alkali Metals and Alkaline Earths, respectively. Combined, they are called the “s-block” for reasons I’m not going to go into now. Helium, on the upper right, is also really in the s-block. Note the s-block is 2 columns wide. Over on the right you see another tall area with purple, blue and a green triangle stairstepping downwards. This (minus helium) is the p-block. It’s six columns wide. In the middle you have a great swath of yellow, ten columns wide, it’s the d-block.
That just leaves the bunch at the bottom, which is fifteen blocks wide and called the f block.
In fact, the F block should be wedged in between the s and d blocks, but then you’d have a very wide table and the way it’s done here it fits on an 8½ x 11 sheet of paper or in a book. But I won’t let that stop me, here’s an example.
In this case the S block (other than helium, top right) is blue, the p block is orange (and so is helium), the d block, red, and the f block, green. Note that in the first table, Lu and Lr are in the footnote; but in this diagram, they are directly under Sc and Y in the red block.
Another way to wedge the f block in is shown here:
This is a lower-res image, and color coded quite differently, but you can see they put La and Ac under Sc and Y in the third column. So, basically, the two blank boxes in the first diagram either get replaced by the last column of the footnote, or the first, respectively; and the rest of the columns are dropped in to the left or right of this, as appropriate. If you go with the last diagram, the d block gets split up.
Either way, when you do wedge the f-block in, one of the columns in the f block would fit right under Sc (scandium) and Y (yttrium) at the left and side of the d block, so the f block ends up being fourteen columns wide, not 15. One of the fifteen columns is really in the d block.
Note there’s a sequence: s, two columns wide, p, six columns wide, d, ten columns wide, and f, fourteen columns wide. Each is four more than the one before it. It’s likely the next (undiscovered) row of the table will include a g block with eighteen columns in it (and it will probably fit between the s and f blocks).
OK with that backdrop, let’s talk about the rare earth elements.
The rare earth elements are basically: the top row of the f block, plus the the column with Y, Sc, and either La or Lu in it.
[Scientists until recently argued over which elements belong under yttrium. It was one of those “is Pluto a planet” type debates, and they settled on Lu and Lr being under Sc and Y…in other words like the first, rather garishly colored long table I showed.]
The rare earth elements are sort of like the Holy Roman Empire. The holy Roman Empire was neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empire. And the rare earths aren’t particularly rare in the larger picture, nor are they especially earthy compared to the other elements. (What does that even mean, anyway?)
If you were to grab a notional “average” pile of dirt–average in composition for the entire crust of Earth, that is–and sort it, atom by atom, after you were done, you’d have more of some of the “rare” earths than copper (by weight, not necessarily the number of atoms). Some of the other “rare earths” are quite a bit more scarce but with one special exception that’s due to other factors, all of them would show up far more often than gold or platinum, in fact even silver would be rarer than any of them (see chart below). The rarest “rare earth” (thulium) would be 0.52 parts per million, while the commonest, (cerium) would be 66.5 parts per million. This is not rare when you consider gold, platinum and the like are down in the single-digit or even fractional parts per billion.
In fact chemists sometimes try to school themselves not to use the name “rare earth” at all, since it combines one column of the d block, with one row of the f block.
OK, so where did this name come from? Let’s start with “earth.” These metals began to be discovered in 1787 and originally they showed up as oxides because that was the mineral form, and the chemists of the time couldn’t break those molecules apart. This was before Lavoisier brought order to the naming of compounds, too, and the term for what we now call a metal oxide, was “earth.”
OK, so why “rare” then? Well they did seem “rare” at the time, for reasons I’ll get to. And they’re also oddballs. Some history:
In 1787 a new mineral was discovered in Ytterby, Sweden, and named ytterbite after the town. A sample was sent to chemists at the Royal Academy of Turku, and there was a new “earth” in it; implying there was a new metal in it. The earth was named yttria, and the metal, yttrium (symbol Y). But then things started to get weird.
The more chemists played with this and a few other discoveries of similar minerals around the world, the more elements they kept finding. They were very chemically similar so hard to separate out, and it seemed like each time someone thought they had a pure earth, some wiseguy would come along and prove it was two or even three of them.
Eventually there were 16 of them…and in the early 1900s thanks to Mosely, we realized that there was still one remaining hole, a radioactive element almost totally absent from the earth’s crust (it’s the one exception I mentioned above). It probably wouldn’t be terribly rare, either…if only it would quit vanishing almost as soon as it were formed.
When Mendeleev was first trying to lay out the periodic table as rows of eight or ten elements, the rare earths broke him. Yttrium seemed to fit tidily in the third column of one row, but all the others wanted to wedge into the third column two rows down, breaking the regular sequence of rows of eight or ten. (He laid his table out differently from modern tables, and I wonder whether he’d scream out “of course! Why didn’t I think of that” if he could see today’s table.)
These elements are now the f block row starting with lanthanum, plus scandium (not known in Mendeleev’s day) and yttrium.
Chemists will more commonly call the first row of the f block the lanthanides, since that row starts with lanthanum, but even this is a bit of a misnomer since one of the 15 is really in the d block and shouldn’t be considered a lanthanide. (This would be particularly ironic if it’s actually lanthanum that’s in the d block! You’d be naming a group of elements after an element that isn’t even in the group!) [In case you were wondering, the second row starting with actinium is called the actinides, by analogy.]
As I mentioned before, these elements are very similar to each other chemically, and thus they not only tend to appear in the same ores, but are hard to separate out from each other. It wasn’t until the 1950s or 60s that we finally could get pure samples of them in meaningful quantities.
Before that, they were expensive because what we could do, was laboratory-level-labor intensive. And another factor is, they don’t tend to concentrate locally in ores as much as many better-known elements…so it’s hard to find a good source. Crustally common they may be, but that does no good if you can’t find an economically viable source of ore.
We’re helped somewhat by the fact that there is a gradation through the f-block. Elements on the left end of the lanthanides…the “light rare earth elements” tend to rust and crumble even in dry air; the elements from gadolinium (Gd) rightward can actually form stable pieces of metal that will tarnish, but at least not turn back into earths. These are the heavy lanthanides. Some ores contain mostly “light” rare earths and others will be more “heavy” rare earths. Yttrium and scandium tend to appear in the heavy rare earth ores, which argues for them being above lutetium in the long table.
So these are the “rare earth elements” by present definition, the lanthanides plus scandium, yttrium, and lutetium.
If these elements are so chemically similar, why do they matter so much? It turns out that many of them have unusual magnetic properties, and many have emission lines in places in the spectrum that no other element has, so they’re useful for lighting when you want a balanced spectrum (great for photography). These are differences that aren’t relevant when considering chemical reactions and compounds.
You’ve probably heard of neodymium (Nd) magnets. And if you ever had an MRI done you may have had a gadolinium (Gd) compound injected into you; its magnetic properties make it stand out in the imaging. More mundanely, the red phosphor in color TVs relies on a rare earth, europium (which is the one that rusts and crumbles the fastest, by the way). And there is wiring in front of the light emitting elements of your monitor that is transparent, made partially from lanthanides.
But, to finally get to the point of my rant,
Lithium is not a rare earth. Neither is gallium. Lithium is in the first column, right below hydrogen…no where near the f block. Gallium is tucked in under aluminum, where the d and p blocks meet, even farther from the f block.
Maybe you want to just sweep that aside, and claim that a rare earth is anything that is rare, and then go on to point out that the “real” rare earths aren’t. Aren’t rare, that is.
Well, guess what?
It turns out that gallium (Ga) and lithium (Li) are both more common than the most common rare earth element. [OK, gallium is about tied with cerium, the most common rare earth.]
So if there’s no justification for calling the rare earth elements rare earth elements, there certainly isn’t for misapplying the label to gallium and lithium!
It’s basically an excuse justifying the ignorance of the people writing the articles that others want to post. And a poor one.
The fact that the name “rare earth element” is historically used by the people who know about those elements the most, is ample reason to use it and insist that it be used correctly.
Having said that, however, it’s obvious that the sloppy people are misusing the term in a very specific wa. They definition they are thinking of is something like: “obscure metals Americans are utterly reliant on, but have to buy overseas from shithole tyrannies who would love to put us over a barrel during a conflict by cutting off our supply.”
That’s a valid concept…it needs a label. But it needs and deserves its own label; it shouldn’t hijack an existing one. Now, I’ve seen one that comes close to meaning that already, and that’s “strategic metal.” Strategic metals, however, don’t necessarily come from hostile countries (though Brandon is trying to make that true by making every country hostile). So it’s not quite right, but until we think of something better, it will work…a lot better than the ignorantly-applied “rare earth metal” which means something very different.
Spot Prices
All prices are Kitco Ask, 3PM MT Friday (at that time the markets close for the weekend).
Not much to say here, that hasn’t been said before.
Going Polar
Last week we left off with the notion that a complex number…the general case of any number that contains both a real and imaginary part…can be represented on a plane instead of the number line.
Of course, that’s exactly the same thing as we do with ordered pairs…x and y. In other words, all that time you spent in algebra with graph paper is basically what’s going on here.
The similarity isn’t just superficial.
If you add two ordered pairs together, you get a certain answer. For example (3,4) + (5,-2) = (8, 2). If you write the corresponding complex numbers, 3+4i and 5-2i and add them together you get…wait for it…8+2i. There’s a perfect analogy here.
Those ordered pairs resemble vectors, but they’re not, quite; if you do think of them as vectors, you have to think of them as vectors that must start at 0,0…which isn’t normally a restriction. (Any two vectors of the same length and orientation, regardless of where they are, are considered the same vector. But here the not-quite-a-vector must start at 0,0.)
But…you can multiply complex numbers together, but there’s no really obvious way to multiply the ordered pairs. (There are two distinct ways of multiplying vectors together, but neither of them quite matches, either.)
Well, maybe there is a way. Time to take a cross country digression, that really isn’t.
Polar Coordinates
There is actually another way to represent ordered pairs…and complex numbers.
Instead of putting the number(s) on a square grid, called the Cartesian coordinate system, put them on a radial or circular grid like this:
[Which…alas, should not be in degrees, it should be in radians, with 30° instead being π/6, 60° being π/3, etc., etc. (And 180° is π radians.) But this is what wikipoo dished up for me today so degrees it shall be.]
The red circles represent simple tape-measure distance from the center, denoted r. The blue (and black) lines, indicate the direction from the center, measured as an angle, this is denoted θ, (Greek letter theta, usually mangled by English speakers as “thay-tah” where the first syllable is like “say” with a lithp, not like “they”). This is in contrast to the Cartesian coordinates, where the vertical lines represent the distance to the right of the center vertical axis (without regard to how far up or down), and the horizontal lines represent the distance above the center horizontal axis (without regard to how far left or right).
So we have r, θ, instead of x, y. And this new system is called polar coordinates, likely because of the resemblance to what the latitude/longitude lines look like on a map of the north or south pole.
The same point on the plane can thus be denoted two different ways; they are absolutely equivalent. However, it’s often the case that one of the two is very convenient for what you want to do right now…and the other is profoundly inconvenient. Pick the one you want.
But that implies being able to convert between the two. Put some point “out there” somewhere, if you know its Cartesian coordinates, can you figure out the polar coordinates? Or vice versa?
The answer is yes.
Let’s look at a few obvious examples first.
If the innermost red circle has radius 1, then (1,0) in Cartesian coordinates, is 1, 0° in this diagram, meaning a distance of 1 from the center, at an angle of 0°. Similarly (0, 1) ends up being at 1, 90°.
But what if you want (1,1) translated into polar coordinates?
The answer is not, repeat not, 1, 45°.
You see, the point (1,1) is directly, plumb-line above (1,0) which is also 1, 0°.
And it is directly, spirit level, to the left of (0,1) or 1, 90°. That puts it outside of that innermost, distance=1 circle. Since the first number in polar coordinates is the distance, that tells you that the distance of (1,1) from the center isn’t 1. It’s something greater than 1.
Well, duh.
I say duh, because we’ve had the tools necessary to deal with this distance issue for over two thousand years. It’s the Pythagorean theorem, or those doggone right triangles.
If you start with your Cartesian x and y coordinates, you square each of them. They are the legs of a right triangle; the distance is the hypotenuse. Once you add those two squares, you have the square of the distance:
r2 = x2 + y2
Or
r = √(x2 + y2)
(Which, by the way, means r will usually end up being an irrational number.)
OK, that’s easy, right?
But what is θ? In this case we know it’s 45°, because x and y are the same thing. And of course if either x or y were zero, we’d know it was 0°, 90°, 180°, or 270°.
That doesn’t help us in the general case. What do you do with (3, 4)? We know that r is 5 (since 3, 4, 5 is the cliche Pythagorean triple you see in story problems all the freaking time…except when they get clever and hit you with 6, 8, and 10 or better yet, 5, 12 and 13). But what on earth is that angle?
Well, for that you need…trigonometry.
Yes, trigonometry returns, like a bad penny.
Recap of Trig
I briefly touched on trigonometry a few weeks ago. I’ll recap here.
The start of trigonometry is to consider the “unit circle.” This is the circle of radius 1 (and thus diameter=2) centered on the origin, 0.0. So the right side of the circle touches (1,0), the top edge is at (0,1), the left edge (-1,0), and the bottom at (0,-1).
Consider measuring along the curve of the circle, starting at the rightmost point at (1,0). If you follow the curve exactly one unit, you’ve covered an angle of one radian. If you walk halfway around the circle, to (-1,0) you’ve covered a distance of exactly π, so that’s π radians. It’s simply another way to measure angles, one defined by the ratio of the length of the arc, to the radius of the circle. This is fudge-factor free in technical terms, so it tends to be the way mathematicians and physicists prefer to measure angles.
Now, place the circle on a Cartesian grid. You can go to any point on the circle, and 1) there’s some angle measured from (1,0) counterclockwise that describes that point; that’s actually θ. (r of course is 1 on a unit circle.) 2) that point also has (x, y) coordinates in the Cartesian grid.
You can define a function, where given an angle θ on the unit circle, the function gives you x. You can define another function that, for the same θ, gives you y. These are respectively the cosine and sine, respectively (and are abbreviated cos and sin).
This time the Wikipoo diagram is perfect:
If you were to plot these functions versus θ you would see the following:
for cosine, and for sine:
The graphs stop at θ=2π because the functions simply repeat, over and over. Which is logical because once you’ve gone around the circle once (2π radians), you’re back where you started, and another five degrees after that will just look like the first five degrees did.
If you’re thinking the two curves are identical, just offset from each other, you’re right. The sine lags the cosine by 90 degrees or π/2.
Another thing to notice is that almost any cosine or sine value can come from more than one angle. Looking, for instance, at the sine graph, it hits 1/2 at two places…one just before 1/4π and one just after 3/4π. (In fact it’s at 1/6π and 5/6π.)
There is one more function that will be useful to us shortly, and that is the tangent, abbreviated tan. This is the rise over the run for the angle θ, in other words its grade or slope. You can find this by dividing the sine by the cosine. But be careful, if the cosine is zero, then only Donald Trump (being Batman) can do the computation, the rest of us are not allowed to divide by zero.
Here is the tangent, graphed:
Note that it zooms off to infinity at π/2 (sine is close to 1, cosine is close to zero. Dividing by a small number leaves you with a big one). Right afterπ/2 though it’s a negative number. Because the sine is still positive, but the cosine is now negative–the point is to the left of the y axis. And note these kind of swoopy curves repeat not every 2π radians (360 degrees) but every π radians (or 180 degrees).
OK, we’re actually well on our way to being able to convert polar to Cartesian, and back.
Converting Polar to Cartesian, and Vice Versa
It’s actually easiest to explain this if we go from polar to Cartesian first.
In polar coordinates we have a distance, r, and angle, θ. We just saw that on a unit circle, θ is associated with x and y, which is what we want, by the cosine and sine functions. So, if it just so happens that r is 1, then:
x = cos(θ) y = sin(θ)
Of course, almost all points are not on the unit circle.
Luckily we can just scale things. If r is 2, just multiply your cosine and sine by 2. If it’s 1/8th, multiply your sine and cosine by 1/8.
Bascially, just multiply them by whatever r happens to be.
So we have:
x = rcos(θ) y = rsin(θ)
That’s nice and tidy. It’s a little more complex going the opposite way, from Cartesian to polar.
It’s easy enough to compute r with the Pythagorean trick, as mentioned above:
r = √(x2 + y2)
The angle could be computed by reversing the two formulas above. Divide x and y by r, and you have a sine and cosine for θ. You can reverse these functions, the reverses are called the arccosine and arcsine (arccos and arcsin or cos-1 or sin-1). Each one is likely to give you two answers (remember how 1/2 shows up twice in the sine and cosine graphs, so the arcsine of 1/2 could be two different angles), but only one answer will show up in both places.
But there’s an easier way to do it as long as you keep your brain engaged. Divide y by x, and you have the tangent of the angle. Then just take the arctangent and you have θ.
Well, almost. If x is zero, don’t do this. Instead just look at y, and if y is positive, θ is 90 degrees, if y is negative, θ is 270 degrees.
The other problem is that the tangents of the angles from 180-270 degrees are the same as the tangents of the angles from 0-90. Similarly the angles from 90-180 and 270-360 have the same tangents. So, go ahead and take your arctangent…but then, if y is negative, your angle is between 180-360 not between 0 and 180.
OK…yes, there was a point to this. I’d go on, but I’ve probably already overloaded some brains here. So next week, I’ll continue this.
Obligatory PSAs and Reminders
China is Lower than Whale Shit
Remember Hong Kong!!!
中国是个混蛋 !!! Zhōngguò shì gè hùndàn !!! China is asshoe !!!
China is in the White House
Since Wednesday, January 20 at Noon EST, the bought-and-paid for His Fraudulency Joseph Biden has been in the White House. It’s as good as having China in the Oval Office.
Joe Biden is Asshoe
China is in the White House, because Joe Biden is in the White House, and Joe Biden is identically equal to China. China is Asshoe. Therefore, Joe Biden is Asshoe.
But of course the much more important thing to realize:
Joe Biden Didn’t Win
乔*拜登没赢 !!! Qiáo Bài dēng méi yíng !!! Joe Biden didn’t win !!!
