“We do not believe any group of men adequate enough or wise enough to operate without scrutiny or without criticism. We know that the only way to avoid error is to detect it, that the only way to detect it is to be free to inquire. We know that in secrecy error undetected will flourish and subvert.” –J. Robert Oppenheimer
It’s Friday and thank goodness for it. Welcome back to Wolf’s Pub, the best place in town to find intelligent talk, stellar wit and wisdom, and amazing camaraderie all in one cozy accommodation.
We’ll have some liquid courage in a bit, but let’s get to brass tacks. It’s going to take courage to overcome the globalists/communists. There is no shrinking from the task of speaking up, speaking out, and standing firm against their lies and machinations. And let’s not forget the obsequious and disgusting RINOs and other assorted tools who GO ALONG TO GET ALONG. Spit. Spit. Spit.
The sociopaths don’t think like normal people. They will kill us and feel justified in doing it simply because we don’t go along with their pogrom…I mean program. Incidentally, Wolf has a fabulous Wuhan Virus/Abortion Jab post, so I won’t say anything beyond this:
That is prescription Ivermectin at 1%. It is used to treat the Rosacea form of acne. In the USA it costs $600 for 1.67 oz of Ivermectin to topically treat acne (around $50 if you have good insurance). You could head down to the local feed store and buy Ivermectin paste to treat worms in your horse and buy it for $5 for 1.87% and a quarter pound of paste.
They aren’t like us
Big Pharma has been withholding effective treatments from us for a long time and charging the citizens of the USA ungodly amounts of money for cheap meds. The truth will come out. God have mercy on the professional criminals who have imposed their ungodly rule upon us.
They LIE TO US ROUTINELY and feel justified in it. THEY DON’T THINK LIKE WE DO. These are moral zombies. You can’t reason with them. Emerald Star gets it:
House Rules
The drill: We disagree, sometimes vociferously. Fireworks are cool. But we don’t lose our cool. If MAGA Mom and I can make nice, then everyone can make nice.
If you need to kvetch, head over to the Utree, where a free-for-all is allowed. Otherwise, review the Rules, and give the bouncers nothing to do but bourbon shots when the boss ain’t looking.
Standing Up to Totalitarianism
Thank goodness prudence was not at the forefront of parents’ thinking in Vail, Arizona. Whenever people stand up against the totalitarian instinct that has taken over our government, they are WINNING. The Vail, Arizona parents who stood up to the school board are a great example. In yesterday morning’s War Room, Steve Bannon interviewed one of the parents who said that their movement started with two parents, then it went to five and then hundreds showed up at a school board meeting. Watch here, or HERE:
Yesterday, President Trump told us to keep the faith and have courage. Watch here. Or (maybe, Wolf’s fingers crossed) here:
It’s more than obvious by now that our government is NOT being run by (s)elected representatives. It is being run by Big Pharma, Big Tech, assorted globalists and communists within the bureaucracy, and the CCP among other foreign influences. The RINOs are potent examples of the sellout of our nation.
Who Needs a Drink Now?
Yep. We’re going to celebrate family and family culture with Ouzo today. Opa!
Piggybacking on Absinthe from last week, Ouzo is another liquor that has its own culture and ritual, and that also utilizes anise, a licorice-flavored herb. Ouzo and Absinthe are often compared.
Here’s a nice little introduction to Ouzo, which is really quite young (19th century) but has achieved epic fame in Greek culture and abroad. Ouzo is made from must, or the leavings from winemaking, which is basically the skins and stems of grapes. Add anise and several other herbs, and there it is. Here’s a short and lovely video on how Ouzo is made:
Here’s some additional history and information about Ouzo:
And just because we love to watch Greeks dance, Dance 2019:
Out of Slavery
“Courage is the rarest of all the good traits. There are far more kind and honest people than there are courageous people.”
Dennis Prager
I have been reading Dennis Prager’s commentary Exodus: God, Slavery, and Freedom. Prager’s Rational Bible takes Scripture and makes it applicable and relevant for our times in a unique way.
He gives a great perspective on why God chose Moses to lead the Israelites out of Egypt:
“Moses fights evil. He is instinctively intolerant of suffering and injustice…Moses…was not raised among them [Israelites]. That made him far more worldly than people who were raised as slaves…Moses does not have a slave mentality. Unlike his fellow Hebrews, who were so demoralized that they could only cry out…Moses does not share their demoralization and does not merely cry out; he takes action.” (P. 24., Exodus, Slavery, and Freedom.)
Prager says, further, when discussing the God-fearing midwives who helped save Hebrew babies (Exodus 1:17),
“There is another important moral aspect to fear of God. People fear those who are more powerful than they are. Therefore, the only way not to fear powerful people is to fear God…It was the midwives’ fear of God that liberated them from fear of the Egyptian tyrant. This point is often overlooked: Fear of God is a liberating emotion, freeing one from a disabling fear of evil, powerful people.”
Dennis Prager
When I read that, a bright light went on in my head. Megawatt.
God-fearing people are the ultimate target of the Biden crew and other globalists/communists because they know such people are able to defeat evil. They may say God-fearing people are “white supremacists” or “Deplorables”, but what they really mean to attack are the People of God.
For every martyr that a totalitarian regime makes, a hundred spring up in their place. We won’t give up. We will win. We are winning.
“The secret to happiness is freedom…And the secret to freedom is courage.” Thucydides
So, some links for your reading pleasure, as we plot and plan to stand up to evil…and overcome:
“When the people have any power to object to a socialist solution, a deniable 5% fait accompli is always more desirable to socialists than a negotiated 50% solution, because they can always negotiate on the remaining 95%.” -Wolf Moon
When I first heard about a case of a miscarriage by a pregnant doctor, due to one of the coronavirus vaccines, I never considered for a moment – AT THAT TIME – that it might have been an INTENDED outcome by anybody. It was only slowly, later, that such a possibility began to sink in.
We tend to view pregnancy as a somewhat “iffy” condition, and vaccination as one of the infinite “iffy” things which could derail it. We tend to view outcomes, other than the really obvious, as “acts of God” – if not at the level of the instance, then at the level of fortune – such as family genetics. “Something is wrong” – but it’s never anybody’s fault.
Well, what if one could change “fortune”?
I was NOT surprised that a virtue-signaling doctor might take a coronavirus vaccine while pregnant. I WAS surprised that there was NO medical advice contrary to pregnant women getting the vaccine – that pregnancy was NOT a contraindication. Pregnant women are a SMALL subset of the population, centered age-wise on the sweet spot of coronavirus survivability. Why take a chance?
Nope – not a whisper of it, even in the aftermath of the lady doctor’s misfortune. Indeed, only on the DARK CONSPIRACY WEB was there even a hint that maybe the good lady doctor should have done something other than happily getting the vaccine.
That was the state of things for me, until there were reports of clotting problems with AstraZeneca, affecting mostly women.
Then, there were the clotting problems of the Johnson+Johnson vaccine, AGAIN affecting almost exclusively women.
Singingsoul asked about the possibility of any relationship to “the pill”. That REALLY got me thinking about the seeming sex linkage to clotting. However, I made no connection back to miscarriages or stillbirths.
That connection did not happen for me, until there were reports of “menstruation upon vaccination”. THAT sure sounded like a “day after pill” to this longtime observer of Big Pharma. THAT would explain a miscarriage or a stillbirth AND the sudden induction of menstruation.
THE SPIKE PROTEIN. An abortifacient? Even if only a “five-percenter”?
It suddenly made me wonder.
I mean, if we were actually dealing with…..
RU-486 The Vaccine, that meant we were probably dealing with…..
No – not THAT structure – THIS one. Or THESE two. Both of them SWARMING with possibilities.
Now THAT is something. Something which could be PROVEN in a lab.
Probably not a lab that would get any modern funding, unless the author was KNOWN to submit scientific truth to globalist narrative, but still…. SOME “errant” lab might “accidentally” prove it to MY satisfaction. And that’s all the science *I* need to keep moving “forward”, past globalist control of science.
Interesting possibility. No?
You can bet your LIFE that the Democrats ARE afraid of any correlation here, and WILL distract like crazy from even the possibility of such a correlation being contemplated by the public.
And there is a LOT of circumstantial suspicion here.
It still remains unclear which hands moved which chess pieces where, in terms of release of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, but HOWEVER things happened, it certainly appears that a virus, which VERY LIKELY negatively affects human reproduction and coincidentally “gets rid of Trump presidencies“, conveniently escaped a Chinese lab, in an event that helped – IN MANY WAYS – the principal advocates if not worshipers of free and easy human abortion: Democrats, globalists, and Chinese communists.
How amazing is THAT?
The party of abortion, the movement of abortion, and the nation of abortion, may have just gotten a “statistically effective but plausibly deniable abortion cold” which – if you don’t change the abortion protein too much – or more specifically in the wrong directions – gives one an abortion vaccine having the same wonderful properties of denied responsibility – plus the properties of continuous excuse and adjustable frequency of administration, only needing MORE of what the CDC is very good at providing.
LIES.
In my opinion, these three human control stakeholders are going to do EVERYTHING possible to not merely shut down any consideration of their possible treachery – they will desperately reframe Fake Science to turn such a pharmacological desideratum into either a null, or an irremovable side effect. That is, if they can’t make PERCEPTION of the entire problem simply go away.
BUT LET’S BACK UP.
My normal skepticism of every new assertion of female lunar pheromonal menstrual mystery is not because I don’t believe that some new, unexplained mense magic is POSSIBLE, but simply because the first step of science is to look for any obvious explanations of new magic using old theories.
However, one does not have to reach very deep into “old theory” to figure out that “I got a shot and my uterus dumped” is eminently explainable as a simple pharmacological effect. If more than one woman says this, it’s very UNLIKELY to be due to mass mommy hysteria, and much more likely that the inner scientist in a whole bunch of women just raised her hands in class.
And when it finally gets stated publicly by the “generally respected class radical”, watch out.
Repinning this warning from last night, when I was called a "conspiracy theorist"'for warning that COVID vaccines are causing blood clotting, stillbirths and bizarre menses in women. Today FDA halt J and J vaccine for blood clots. https://t.co/4JilJxxKZU
— Dr. Naomi Wolf. 8 NYT Bestsellers. DPhil, Poetry. (@naomirwolf) April 13, 2021
Let’s do that as an IMAGE which Twitter can’t delete and hide.
Now I would be remiss if I didn’t point out that the J+J recall, connected to VIPIT and/or TTP, is not clearly pharmacologically DIRECTLY connected to the observed menstrual symptoms in women, which are (IMO) more properly described as antiprogestogenic or abortive in nature. Yes, dysfunctional clotting is an issue with women taking a more mildly antiprogestational regimen of hormonal control known as the pill – an important clue that Singingsoul put me onto very early. So YES – “blood issues” tag along with the hormonal aspects of menstruation and gestation for all kinds of good and obvious reasons in menstruating mammals.
So if things just stopped there – at a protein with apparently striking but somewhat randomly effective antiprogestogenic activity, it would be all I would need to wrap this 5%-er conspiracy up TIGHT. It would – IMO – demonstrate some kind of intent, by somebody, somewhere, to force humanity into a more contraceptive future. It’s an elegant checkmate move, IMO, due to the DISEASE which is almost certainly hard to eliminate.
Very nicely, there is nothing WEIRD, MAGICAL, or SPOOKY about a highly potent antiprogestogenic protein, released first as a virus, and then as a vaccine, by a technocratic, power-holding oligarchy, which believes fervently in the social, societal, and civilizational effects of that protein.
It’s kinda weird that such medical cunning got into a virus, with our level of public scientific ability, but I can come up with several excellent theories as to how that happened – with varying degrees of believability, depending upon which particular secrets you believe the Deep State holds.
The trouble is, we have OTHER alleged evidence that we are now being asked to believe – that “people close to people being vaccinated” – BUT NOT ACTUALLY VACCINATED – are somehow, sometimes, showing symptoms. Setting aside the possibility of at least partial disinformation, including intentional discreditation and obfuscation (very likely in any case), this stuff borders on mense magic.
However – HOLD MY BEER at the Friday night lab outing to the bar. I’ve got a theory (hic).
Some of this stuff is also explicable by other potential scientific aspects of a putative antiprogestogenic or otherwise abortive spike protein – things which may indeed be credible science.
In fact, the “more bizarre stuff” could help to explain the “less bizarre stuff”, because it argues for a contraceptive potency which is more likely to be found in a prostaglandin analog like misoprostol, or a peptide hormone (you know, a small protein) like oxytocin, than in an antiprogestogen like mifepristone or lilopristone.
This gets into how RU-486 is administered, and how it actually works. It turns out that RU-486 is in fact the “less important actor” of the day-after pill.
I repeat. I want you to understand. RU-486 was a kind of beautiful social and scientific DECOY, DISTRACTION, and MISDIRECTION.
The primary abortifacient drug in the “day-after pill” is not actually mifepristone, a.k.a. RU-486, but the co-drug misoprostol.
This would not be the first time that Democrats DISTRACTED and MISDIRECTED to the lesser of two scandals so that the more murderous one would get off. Thus – IMO – RU-486 took Cuomo-kissing levels of media heat precisely so that the abortion-meister misoprostol would SKATE like a nursing home scandal with thousands of dead people.
Dosing of misoprostol for abortion – with or without anything else – is typically below 1 mg as a single dose, absorbed through the oral mucosa. Note that route of entry. That is a HUGE potency. One milligram is hardly anything at all. The fact that 1 mg of ANY substance will cause an abortion is, quite frankly, startling news.
Addition of RU-486 (200 mg) to the regimen of misoprostol (800 μg = 0.8 mg) alone RAISES the success of abortion from about 88% to near total, so if the spike protein is primarily showing a prostaglandin / oxytocin activity, then the spike protein could have almost any level of antiprogestogenic activity and still be a wickedly good abortifacient / contraceptive.
And speaking of that OLDER alternative to misoprostol, namely oxytocin – well, THAT particular uterine-contracting, labor-inducing substance is a peptide, i.e. a protein fragment. Which certainly argues that the idea of a spike protein having oxytoxin-like activity isn’t complete science fiction.
Note that oxytocin is only 9 amino acids long. Easy to hide in a longer sequence. And possibly as a DIFFERENT small sequence, because of protein 3-D dynamics.
·Cys – Tyr – Ile – Gln – Asn – Cys – Pro – Leu – Gly – NH2
Alternatively…..
CYIQNCPLG-NH2
SO – let’s state this for the record. If the spike protein or some fragment thereof has some kind of oxytocin activity, then we pretty much have our bad guy. The potency of oxytocin is even greater than that of misoprostol. One international unit (IU) of oxytocin is the equivalent of 1.68 μg of pure peptide. That is less than two MICROGRAMS per unit. The dose for adult abortion is roughly 10 to 30 IU, which translates to 16.8 to 50.4 micrograms. A very small fraction of a single milligram.
This is – bluntly – more potent than LSD.
Thus, it is entirely possible that if the spike protein or fragments spat back out from genetic incorporation of its instructions, somehow have oxytoxin activity, then that protein / peptide could act as a kind of contraceptive / abortifacient.
Are you with me?
OK – armed with THAT knowledge, listen to the following amazing discussion. Don’t pay attention so much to their hyperbole about “biological warfare”, or charming innocent errors about [this is a logical paraphrase] “digital lipid nanotechnology” – the stuff that makes it possible to call these people “conspiracy theorists” despite what I think are fairly impressive backgrounds on some of them. Pay attention to factual observations and reports, and ask if they are plausible when dealing with an extremely potent hormonal substance, where the amount needed to obtain strong biological effects is not only capable of being produced by the human body – the amount of substance needed to achieve the effect in self or other is BARELY EVEN VISIBLE.
So what do you think? I’ll let you decide for yourselves.
I don’t believe in unexplainable magic – I believe in science. But SCIENCE can explain stuff that does almost seem magical. And I think it could very well explain what people are observing here.
Thus, I believe that we may indeed be seeing some kind of real antiprogestogenic, prostaglandin, and/or oxytocin effect from the spike protein or a subunit thereof.
A “contraceptive” effect, basically. And most likely small enough to escape obvious notice, but BIG enough that when everybody is forced to take the vaccine, even during pregnancy, it “does its thing” and gives the depopulationist socialists a 5% solution.
It may not appear always, or always strongly enough to show up in every person, but it only has to show up in a FRACTION of people getting the disease, or taking the vaccine, to significantly change the world.
Indeed, if the effect is TOO STRONG, one cannot “get away with it”. But if the “worshipers of sacred abortion” just nickel and dime us, they can get a GOOD START on depopulation.
And then after a three year delta, Rudy’s place FINALLY got raided.
1287
Q !xowAT4Z3VQ ID: 6e1ca8 No.1215845 Apr 27 2018 19:27:33 (EST) Cohen raid by FBI? Public context: re: payment to Stormy Daniels? SC & FBI raided POTUS’ attorney to pull Stormy Daniels payment info? RR signed off? What other docs were collected? How many places raided? Raid on the President of the United States’ attorney for payment details re: private case re: Stormy Daniels? Think logically. How do you introduce evidence into an investigation (legally)? Who has everything? Methods which info collected/ obtained? Admissible in the court of law? Insert Rudy. First public statement. “It shouldn’t take more than “a week or two” to come to a resolution on the probe.” http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/04/20/rudy-to-rescue-giuliani-vows-to-wrap-up-mueller-probe.html Think resignations. Who has the POWER? If POTUS was in a weakened position (about to be impeached/indicted) would ‘they’ resign? Why are we here? Public forum. World watching. Sharing of intel to bad actors? Purpose? Not confirming SC is on /team/. Question everything. Timing important. Planned? Q
Was the raid on Rudy’s apartment a way to get evidence on other bad actors?
-Make babies -Homeschool -Buy property -Grow a garden -Start a business -Run for local office -Take over school boards -Boycott “Made in China” -Support alternative news/print/social media
Please review our HOST and site owner’s Guidelines for posting and discussion for this site. Wolf is kind enough to put up with *most* of us and our antics after thorough vetting. Violators of the baiting and deliberately attempting to divide the group rules WILL face consequences.
The discourse on this site is to be CIVIL – no name calling, baiting, or threatening others here is allowed. Company manners are appreciated. Those who are so inclined may visit Wolf’s other sanctuary, the U-Tree, to slog out discussions best saved for a wrestling mat. Say hi to anyone who is actually hanging out there for the rest of us. If, for some reason, this site is not available, head over to the UTree and visit the post at the top of the list.
This site is a celebration of the natural rights endowed to humans by our Creator as well as those enshrined in the Bill of Rights adopted in the founding documents of the United States of America. Within the limits of law, how we exercise these rights is part of the freedom of our discussion. THAT MEANS THAT ALL OF US HERE ARE ENTITLED TO OUR OPINIONS AND PREJUDICES, ETC., SO LONG AS THEY CAUSE NO PHYSICAL HARM TO OTHERS OR DOXX OUR FELLOW TREE DWELLERS.
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Be careful in expressing thoughts as we would all like to think well of the rest of the group, and ill-thought out comments have a way of wrecking that for everyone.
Fellow tree dweller Wheatie gave us some good reminders on the basics of civility in political discourse:
No food fights
No running with scissors
If you bring snacks, be sure they are made with bacon
Auntie DePat’s requests as we are all supposedly adults and not perpetual high school sophomores or the back row of the soprano section in any big chorus:
If you see something has not been posted, do us all a favor, and post it. Please, do not complain that it has not been done yet.
The scroll wheel on your mouse can be your friend. As mature adults, please use it here in the same manner you would in avoiding online porn.
Thank you so much for any and all attention to such details. It is GREATLY appreciated by more than one party here.
And from today’s alternate Mass readings as it is the Feast of St. Catherine of Siena, a woman famous for pounding on a pope’s desk and telling him to do his job:
1 JOHN 1:5–2:2
15This is the message we have heard from him and proclaim to you, that God is light and in him is no darkness at all. 6If we say we have fellowship with him while we walk in darkness, we lie and do not live according to the truth; 7but if we walk in the light, as he is in the light, we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of Jesus his Son cleanses us from all sin. 8If we say we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us. 9If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just, and will forgive our sins and cleanse us from all unrighteousness. 10If we say we have not sinned, we make him a liar, and his word is not in us. 21My little children, I am writing this to you so that you may not sin; but if any one does sin, we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous; 2and he is the expiation for our sins, and not for ours only but also for the sins of the whole world.
Prayers for the nation, the salvation of humanity, and all of us here – lurkers and members – as well as our families, are welcome.
So, on Tuesday, the Center for Disease Control let Americans know that those who are now “fully vaccinated” meaning the people had two experimental gene therapy injections, can now…be normal? (None of those people are normal.
As I said yesterday, the next wedgie will put their genitals in a place the sun don’t shine.
And now for the obligatory message from our sponsors:
Here at the Q tree we believe in the concept of CIVIL open free speech and the discussion that fleshes out ideas. When commenting and participating in the OPEN discussion on this thread all comments MUST NOT CONTAIN personal threats, baiting, name calling, or other anti-social words fomenting hate, violence or destruction. Our host Wolfm00n has strict rules about that.
Fellow tree dweller Wheatie gave us some good reminders on the basics of civility in political discourse:
No food fights.
No running with scissors.
If you bring snacks, bring enough for everyone
Please, stock up on blanks for celebratory gunfire, be ready to swing from the chandeliers…and no messing with the nuclear weapons.
Please remember to remain locked and loaded and ready for trouble should the insurrectionists try to invade your space.
Those who have things to say that do not fit the generally accepted limits of “civil” discussion, Wolf has provided a venue known as the UTree. You’re welcome to visit over there and say hi to anyone hanging out over there. The “Rescue Thread” is also over there. In the event a rendezvous of the tree is needed, please check it out.
Auntie DePat’s requests as we are all, ahem, adults, not uncivilized pygmies:
If you see something has not been posted, do us all a favor, and post it. Please, do not complain that it has not been done yet.
The scroll wheel on your mouse can be your friend. As mature adults, please use it here in the same manner you would in avoiding online porn.
Thank you so much for any and all attention to such details. It is GREATLY appreciated by more than one party here.
One other vital note:
Please, review these rules that our host Wolfm00n outlined toward the beginning of the growth of the tree itself. it won’t take long.
44And Jesus cried out and said, “He who believes in me, believes not in me but in him who sent me. 45And he who sees me sees him who sent me. 46I have come as light into the world, that whoever believes in me may not remain in darkness. 47If any one hears my sayings and does not keep them, I do not judge him; for I did not come to judge the world but to save the world. 48He who rejects me and does not receive my sayings has a judge; the word that I have spoken will be his judge on the last day. 49For I have not spoken on my own authority; the Father who sent me has himself given me commandment what to say and what to speak. 50And I know that his commandment is eternal life. What I say, therefore, I say as the Father has bidden me.”
As always, prayers for the fight against that which seeks to enslave us are welcome.
Please include: President Donald Trump, the Q team, our soldiers in the field, special forces, tactical units, first responders and those working behind the scenes…and any and all people with family members in the hospital, COVID or not.
Cover image: Through the Dogwood by Christine David. CORRECTION: CHRISTIANE David.
I don’t know about anyone else, but right now in the midst of spring and flowering trees being in full bloom, the quiet does seem to feel like the calm before some sort of storm. What that is or will be is another question, but one thing is for sure: waiting is the hardest part.
Patience really is not a great American virtue.
We want it over with already, and, frankly, we have no idea what’s gong on beneath the surface other than the Democrats are pulling crap in Arizona to spike the audit of the November 2020 election, and some of the states with larger electoral college totals are losing votes thanks to the people migrating elsewhere.
Such is life in America. The people are free to go where they think they will have the best advantages.
And yet, here we are.
At this point, where else are we going to go just for some hope – yes, hope – that this massive mess foisted on us by the powers that wannabe will eventually be untangled.
Just a reminder:
Of course, this does not mean committing felonies, but standing up to the forces that want to tear this nation – and humanity apart. The very people XVII told us will be destroyed by the time this movie comes to an end are currently roaming the halls of power…supposedly. It’s a sickening sight.
And now for something completely different.
Your weekly reminder to take the pledge:
“I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter: So help me God.”
And now for the nitty gritty of the Q Tree 5 minute, stand up, Tuesday morning meeting version of the Daily Thread.
The discourse on this site is to be CIVIL – no name calling, baiting, or threatening others here is allowed. Those who are so inclined may visit Wolf’s other sanctuary, the U-Tree, to slog it out with anyone who happens to still be hanging out there. There is also a “rescue” thread there for members of the Tree to rendezvous if the main site goes kablooey.
This site is a celebration of the natural rights endowed to humans by our Creator as well as those enshrined in the Bill of Rights adopted in the founding documents of the United States of America. Within the limits of law, how we exercise these rights is part of the freedom of our discussion.
Fellow tree dweller Wheatie gave us some good reminders on the basics of civility in political discourse:
No food fights.
No running with scissors.
If you bring snacks, bring enough for everyone.
And Auntie DePat’s requests as we are all, ahem, adults, although some of us are beginning to wonder what the threshold for true adulthood is:
If you see something has not been posted, do us all a favor, and post it. Please, do not complain that it has not been done yet.
The scroll wheel on your mouse can be your friend. As mature adults, please use it here in the same manner you would in avoiding online porn.
Thank you so much for any and all attention to such details. It is GREATLY appreciated by more than one party here.
22It was the feast of the Dedication at Jerusalem; 23it was winter, and Jesus was walking in the temple, in the portico of Solomon. 24So the Jews gathered round him and said to him, “How long will you keep us in suspense? If you are the Christ, tell us plainly.” 25Jesus answered them, “I told you, and you do not believe. The works that I do in my Father’s name, they bear witness to me; 26but you do not believe, because you do not belong to my sheep. 27My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me; 28and I give them eternal life, and they shall never perish, and no one shall snatch them out of my hand. 29My Father, who has given them to me, is greater than all, and no one is able to snatch them out of the Father’s hand. 30I and the Father are one.”
As always, prayers for the fight against that which seeks to enslave us are welcome. Via con Dios.
This Stormwatch Monday Open Thread is VERY OPEN – a place for everybody to post whatever they feel they would like to tell the White Hats, and the rest of the MAGA/KAG/KMAG world (with KMAG being a bit of both).
Yes, it’s Monday…again.
But it’s okay! We’ll get through it.
Free Speech is practiced here at the Q Tree. But please keep it civil. We’re on the same side here so let’s not engage in friendly fire.
If you find yourself in a slap fight, we ask that you take it outside to The U Tree…which is also a good place to report any technical difficulties, if you’re unable to report them here.
Please also consider the Important Guidelines, outlined here. Let’s not give the odious Internet Censors a reason to shut down this precious haven that Wolf has created for us.
Please pray for our real President, the one who actually won the election:
For your listening enjoyment, I offer these compositions from Fearless Soul, titled ‘Let It Go’ and ‘Fake News’:
Our beloved country is under Occupation by hostile forces.
We can give in to despair…or we can be defiant and fight back in any way that we can.
Joe Biden didn’t win.
I will keep saying Joe Biden didn’t win until we get His Fraudulency out of our White House.
This is our physics lesson for today:
Wheatie’s Words of the Day:
altiloquent, altiloquence
Altiloquent is an adjective which means…pompous, pretentious in speech. Altiloquence is a noun which means…lofty speech, pretentious, pompous language.
Used in a sentence:
Attempting to appear intelligent, altiloquent enemedia nozzles often use words that they do not understand…and they are not smart enough to be aware of their altiloquence.
This Sanctuary Sunday Open Thread, with full respect to those who worship God on the Sabbath, is a place to reaffirm our worship of our Creator, our Father, our King Eternal.
It is also a place to read, post and discuss news that is worth knowing and sharing. Please post links to any news stories that you use as sources or quote from.
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Between a fourth and a third of the Bible is prophecy. So it’s clear that prophecy is important to God. But why is prophecy important to Him? And why should it be important to us?
Prophecy reveals who and what God is – prophecy reveals God’s greatness and power—power such that He is able to reveal the future. In Isaiah 42, He connects His creative power with His ability to reveal the future long before it comes to pass:
“This is what God the Lord says—the Creator of the heavens, who stretches them out, who spreads out the earth with all that springs from it, who gives breath to its people, and life to those who walk on it: ‘. . . I am the Lord; that is my name! I will not yield my glory to another or my praise to idols. See, the former things have taken place, and new things I declare; before they spring into being I announce them to you'” (Isaiah 42:5, Isaiah 42:8-9)
No one or nothing can compare to God in his might and majesty. No other can speak and bring galaxies, stars and worlds into existence! No other can create living beings from nothing! And no other can declare what will happen before it takes place!
Prophecy reveals that God exists and that the Bible is His revealed Word.
Critics sidestep the plain evidence that God exists and that the Bible is His revealed word and offer all kinds of convoluted reasoning to explain it away. But God offers this challenge to any who would doubt Him:
“This is what the Lord says—Israel’s King and Redeemer, the Lord Almighty: I am the first and I am the last; apart from me there is no God. Who then is like me? Let him proclaim it. Let him declare and lay out before me what has happened since I established my ancient people, and what is yet to come—yes, let him foretell what will come . . . Did I not proclaim this and foretell it long ago? You are my witnesses. Is there any God besides me?” (Isaiah 44:6-8, NIV).
History itself is a witness that God foretold many events hundreds and thousands of years before they happened, then brought them to pass exactly as He said. God put it in writing well ahead of time where it can be easily disproven if it doesn’t come to pass. Yet time and time again, what He has written has taken place just as He foretold!
The Bible is unlike any other religious “holy book” in many respects, but one enormous difference is that the Bible alone contains hundreds of prophecies that have been fulfilled just as they were recorded years ahead of time—and with hundreds more waiting to be fulfilled.
Prophecy shows that God is in ultimate control.
Not only can God reveal the future well ahead of time, but He can also bring to pass what He has foretold. In Isaiah 46:9-10 He declares plainly that no one or no thing can remotely approach His power, using prophecy as an example:
“Remember the former things, those of long ago; I am God, and there is no other; I am God, and there is none like me. I make known the end from the beginning, from ancient times, what is still to come” (NIV). He ends this statement saying, “My purpose will stand, and I will do all that I please” (NIV).
Clearly, only God can do this.
The biblical prophet Daniel, who served under the rulers of Babylon and the Medo-Persian Empire, said that God “removes kings and raises up kings” and “reveals deep and secret things” (Daniel 2:21-22). Daniel had no doubts when it came to this great truth about God. Daniel was a senior royal advisor to the court of Babylon with a front-row seat to God removing, restoring and replacing kings—and even striking down a mighty empire when it came time to move on to the next great phase of Bible prophecy.
God is in complete and ultimate control, raising up and striking down kings and empires according to His plan and to fulfill His purpose!
Prophecy reveals the consequences of obedience and disobedience.
A theme found again and again in Bible prophecy is that choices and actions have consequences. Paul summarized this very well in Galatians 6:7: “Do not be deceived, God is not mocked; for whatever a man sows, that he will also reap.”
Two long chapters of the Bible—Leviticus 26 and Deuteronomy 28—spell this out clearly. They describe in considerable detail what happens when a nation chooses to obey and honor God and what results when a nation turns its back and disobeys Him.
“Now it shall come to pass,” begins Deuteronomy 28:1-2, “if you diligently obey the voice of the Lord your God, to observe carefully all His commandments which I command you today, that the Lord your God will set you high above all nations of the earth. And all these blessings shall come upon you and overtake you, because you obey the voice of the Lord your God . . .”
The chapter goes on to describe blessings of agricultural and other material abundance, good health, national respect and prestige, victory in conflict, divine protection, good weather, national wealth and more.
“But it shall come to pass,” the chapter’s warning begins Deuteronomy 28:15, “if you do not obey the voice of the Lord your God, to observe carefully all His commandments and His statutes which I command you today, that all these curses will come upon you and overtake you . . .”
The curses that follow are the opposite of the blessings just listed—agricultural and material decline, “rebuke in all that you set your hand to do,” diseases, drought, military defeat, mental illness and confusion, oppression by foreigners and invaders, natural disasters and more.
“Because you did not serve the Lord your God with joy and gladness of heart, for the abundance of everything, therefore you shall serve your enemies,” God declares (Deuteronomy 28:47-48). The warning continues with graphic and sobering details of what happens when civilization and moral standards begin to completely break down, leading to utter depravity.
The ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah failed to heed these warnings, and they stand as an example to nations such as the United States, Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and others who’ve been greatly blessed by God but now increasingly deny Him and trample His laws and Word underfoot. Their fate is likewise spelled out in prophecy if they refuse to turn from that treacherous path!
Prophecy reveals God’s will—that He wants all to receive His gift of salvation.
Much of Bible prophecy is grim and at times frightening. God wants us to understand the painful consequences that will follow from choosing the wrong way and the blessings that come from obeying Him.
God doesn’t want any of us to suffer. In Ezekiel, He says: “Say to them: ‘As I live,’ says the Lord God, ‘I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked, but that the wicked turn from his way and live. Turn, turn from your evil ways! For why should you die, O house of Israel?'” (Ezekiel 33:11).
The prophecies of the Bible almost always end with hope and good news. This is because, as Paul told Timothy, God “desires all men to be saved and to come to the knowledge of the truth” (1 Timothy 2:4).
And Bible prophecy reveals how that wonderful truth will play out!
Prophecy reveals God’s plan for humanity.
Bible prophecy reveals that God is working out an incredible plan for us, a plan for how He will bring us to salvation and eternal life in His divine family.
“I will be a Father to you, and you shall be My sons and daughters, says the Lord Almighty” (2 Corinthians 6:18).
“Beloved, now we are children of God; and it has not yet been revealed what we shall be, but we know that when He is revealed, we shall be like Him, for we shall see Him as He is. And everyone who has this hope in Him purifies himself, just as He is pure” (1 John 3:2-3).
God’s promise is that as His divine children, we will be like the glorified Jesus Christ!
“Blessed and holy is he who has part in the first resurrection. Over such the second death has no power, but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with Him a thousand years” (Revelation 20:6).
Few realize this truth, but God’s plan for us is to serve Him as priests and to reign with Jesus Christ when He establishes the Kingdom of God on earth!
Prophecy should motivate us to repent and turn to God.
Jeremiah (25:4-5) summarizes the message of God’s prophets to His people: “The Lord has sent to you all His servants the prophets . . . They said, ‘Repent now everyone of his evil way and his evil doings . . .'”
Peter (2 Peter 3:9) tells us: “The Lord is not slow in keeping his promise, as some understand slowness. Instead he is patient with you, not wanting anyone to perish, but everyone to come to repentance”.
God says: “The instant I speak concerning a nation and concerning a kingdom, to pluck up, to pull down, and to destroy it, if that nation against whom I have spoken turns from its evil, I will relent of the disaster that I thought to bring upon it.” (Jeremiah 18:7-8)
God sent Jonah to warn the Ninevites of their judgment and impending doom for their wickedness. The Ninevites believed God and repented. As a result, “God relented from the disaster that He had said He would bring upon them, and He did not do it” (Jonah 3:10).
The message of every prophet of the Bible is that if we turn our life around, listen to God and heed His warnings and change, we can avoid the terrible times prophesied to come on our world.
All prophecy is ultimately a message of hope. We have God’s assurance that He is in perfect control, that He is a God of love (1 John 4:8, 1 John 4:16), that His desire is for us to turn to Him in heartfelt repentance and turn our lives over to Him. If and when we do so, He promises to bless and care for us, intent on fulfilling His purpose for us.
He tells us what we must do in Isaiah 55:6-7: “Seek the Lord while He may be found, call upon Him while He is near. Let the wicked forsake his way, and the unrighteous man his thoughts; let him return to the Lord, and He will have mercy on him; and to our God, for He will abundantly pardon.”
God shows us in His Word His vital purposes for prophecy. More than anything, He gives us prophecy to help us understand who and what He is and how much we need Him.
God is in Control . . . and His Grace is Sufficient, so . . . Keep Looking Up
Hopefully, every Sunday, we can find something here that will build us up a little . . . give us a smile . . . and add some joy or peace, very much needed in all our lives.
“This day is holy to the Lord your God; do not mourn nor weep.” . . . “Go your way, eat the fat, drink the sweet, and send portions to those for whom nothing is prepared; for this day is holy to our Lord. Do not sorrow, for the joy of the Lord is your strength.”
The prior election must be acknowledged as fraudulent, and steps must be taken to prosecute the fraudsters and restore integrity to the system.
Nothing else matters at this point. Talking about trying again in 2022 or 2024 is hopeless otherwise. Which is not to say one must never talk about this, but rather that one must account for this in ones planning; if fixing the fraud is not part of the plan, you have no plan.
Lawyer Appeasement Section
OK now for the fine print.
This is the WQTH Daily Thread. You know the drill. There’s no Poltical correctness, but civility is a requirement. There are Important Guidelines, here, with an addendum on 20191110.
We have a new board – called The U Tree – where people can take each other to the woodshed without fear of censorship or moderation.
And remember Wheatie’s Rules:
1. No food fights 2. No running with scissors. 3. If you bring snacks, bring enough for everyone. 4. Zeroth rule of gun safety: Don’t let the government get your guns. 5. Rule one of gun safety: The gun is always loaded. 5a. If you actually want the gun to be loaded, like because you’re checking out a bump in the night, then it’s empty. 6. Rule two of gun safety: Never point the gun at anything you’re not willing to destroy. 7. Rule three: Keep your finger off the trigger until ready to fire. 8. Rule the fourth: Be sure of your target and what is behind it.
Unfortunately, when looking at the prices only on Friday, you lose some things. It looks like gold has barely moved, but the fact of the matter is, it almost blooped up above $1800 earlier in the week. A far cry from the situation just a few weeks ago when it would drop below $1700 and then popped back up again, two or three times.
To really get a feel for what is going on, you should look at a chart.
The price is moving up and down, but the overall trend is down, imagine a series of sawtooths (sawteeth?). And if you look at the recent rise, it’s still consistent with just being an upward movement in the overall down trend; you can sort of eyeball a straight line through all those peaks, sloping down and to the right, and the price of gold hasn’t broken through that line, not yet it hasn’t. A trader would likely expect it to reverse and drop again.
Palladium on the other hand, is in a slow upward trend, again as seen in a graph for the past year:
Note that it has gone from below $10,000 to almost $30,000 just since last June. Also note at the far right the price is moving up and down, but the height of the oscillations is decreasing. This may be what the technical traders call a “flag,” if so when it reaches its “point” the commodity often breaks out, either up or down, in a big way.
And it probably shows the most stark behavior. Dead flat for months, then suddenly it starts climbing, and climbing, and climbing! That line almost looks like the profile of the Grand Canyon, in fact, complete with the vertical faces and then lines sloping upward to the next vertical face.
Mass (Part I of a Long Series)
Introduction
Having run out of precious metals to babble about, I’m going to change tacks. If you’ve been here a while, you might remember two postings I did on stars. These were independent posts, having nothing to do with politics (poly = many, ticks = blood sucking bugs) and at least some people enjoyed them. I wanted to go to the opposite end of the scale and talk about a certain sub-atomic particle, but then I realized that the best way to do that would be a very, very, very long post. (And yes, it’s a subatomic particle, but it has a lot to do with stars.) A huge part of it would be explaining where physics stood in 1895, and how four discoveries in the next four years basically overturned things, and eventually led to that subatomic particle, the real star (ahem) of the whole series.
So I decided to break this story up into pieces. And this is the first of those pieces.
And here is the caveat: I will be explaining, at first, what the scientific consensus was in 1895. So much of what I have to say is out of date, and I know it…but going past it would be a spoiler. So I’d appreciate not being “corrected” in the comments when I say things like “mass is conserved.” I know that that isn’t considered true any more, but the point is in 1895 we didn’t know that. I will get there in due time. (On the other hand, if I do misrepresent the state of understanding as it was in 1895, I do want to know it.)
Also, to avoid getting bogged down in Spockian numbers specified to nine decimal places, I’m going to round a lot of things off. I use 9.8, below, for a number that’s actually closer to 9.80665, for instance, similarly for the number 32.
OK so without further ado, mass.
What Mass Is, and Isn’t
Mass is not the same thing as weight, at least not when scientists are using the terms.
But the distinction between mass and weight didn’t become clear until Isaac Newton came along. He tried to imagine what objects would behave like if there were no gravity, and no friction. And he realized that an object under those circumstances would stay at rest unless a force acted on it, or, if were already moving, would continue to move in the same direction at the same speed, unless a force acted on it. It has inertia. But that doesn’t match what we actually see. You let go of an object that’s not on the ground, it falls (or if it’s a balloon, it might rise). An object that’s moving on a flat surface slows down and stops.
But the reason why we see things fall faster and faster, is that gravity exerts a force on them, a downward force, and the reason things moving horizontally slow down is friction, and that, too is a force.
For clarity, we have to ignore friction. Imagine these objects are wet ice on a hockey rink–or cars sliding on ice (yikes!). Or air hockey pucks. There’s still some friction in all of these cases, but not a whole lot. You can imagine, after watching these sorts of things, what it would be like with no friction.
Largely building upon what Galileo discovered (when he wasn’t looking through a telescope), Newton essentially defined the concept of inertia. It’s basically the resistance of an object to being shoved. And mass is essentially a measure of that. If object A is twice as massive as object B, it’s twice as hard to shove around and get the same effect. You need to exert twice as much force.
On the other hand, if you stick with the same object, and apply twice as much force, it reacts twice as much.
You can state this a little more precisely as, acceleration, a, is proportional to the force, F, and inversely proportional to the mass, m. You can increase or decrease any of the three items, decrease or increase one of the other two, and you will see the third item increase or decrease exactly in proportion.
Or to be even more concise, you can write the following:
a ∝ F/m.
That little Jesus fish like thing means “is proportional to” and basically, it means that if you double one side, you double the other side, but they’re not equal.
You can rearrange to get:
F ∝ ma.
And this is the form you usually see this in, it’s Newton’s second law of motion. Well almost. There’s something we can do to get rid of that Jesus fishy thing and replace it with an equals sign. More on that shortly.
Mass is considered to be the ultimate measure of “how much matter” is in an object. Twice as much matter, will have twice as much inertia. And some object, say one of the big weights off of a weightlifting set, will have the same inertia even on the moon.
But the weight of the objects will change on the Moon, because weight is actually force. And the Moon’s gravity will pull on the same objects, with less force than on Earth.
The kilogram is actually a unit of mass. A chunk of metal massing a kilogram (think of it as a one kilogram gold bar if that will put a smile on your face) will still mass a kilogram on the moon, pick it up and swing it around, you will feel the same tugs as you would feel on earth, because now you are playing with its inertia, which doesn’t change–it will take the same force to keep the bar from flying out of your hand as it did on Earth.
But pounds are (usually) a unit of force. That kilogram of gold will weigh about 2.2 pounds here on Earth. That means that the earth’s gravity pulls on it with that amount of force. But take it to the moon, and it weighs about 5.9 ounces, that’s how much force the moon exerts on that one kilogram mass.
[Or–let’s be frank here–for me, and for most of you, it weighs exactly zero both on Earth and the Moon because your kilogram bar of gold doesn’t exist at all except in your dreams. Oh, OK, never mind, forget I said this and return to smiling.]
The one force we can’t get away from in our daily is gravity, and as such in the English system a lot of things are defined with respect to the amount of gravity Earth has. But when you’re doing engineering you have to deal with a lot of forces–the force exerted by a pile driver, the thrust of a jet engine, and so on. So you need a unit of force and a unit of mass, so you can figure out how much your masses will respond to your forces, or alternatively, how much force you’ll have to exert to make that mass move the way you want it to.
The metric system, which starts with unit of mass, has to derive a unit of force, and the English system which starts with a unit of force, has to derive a unit of mass. Metric invented a unit of force called the Newton–the amount of force needed to accelerate a kilogram, one meter per second, for every second it’s applied, and yes, it’s named after Sir Isaac. And the English system retro-invented the slug–it’s the amount of mass that, when acted upon by one pound of force, will accelerate one foot per second, every second.
Once you’ve defined your units, you can change that proportionality constant to an equals sign. But you may need a fudge factor, which I will call k. F = kma. (And yes, Biden can kma.) In metric, as long as you stick to meters, kilograms, and meters per second squared, the fudge factor is 1. The Newton was deliberately defined that way. And in the English system, as long as you stick to feet, slugs, and feet per second squared, the fudge factor is also 1. 1 will disappear if it’s in an algebraic multiplication, so now we’re dealing with
F = ma
Drop a kilogram of gold–it will accelerate at 9.8 meters per second per second, a = 9.8, and m is one. Plug it into the formula above. That means it’s being acted on by a force of 9.8 newtons.
Galileo showed that heaver objects fall at exactly the same rate as lighter ones (once you account for air resistance, which is a force and partially cancels out gravity). So a two kilogram mass of gold, falling at the same rate, which we call g, gives you F = 2 x 9.8 = 19.6 Newtons.
Switch to the English system now. Drop a pound of something else–bananas, say–it will accelerate at 32 feet per second, every second. (That’s the English equivalent of 9.8 meters per second per second…we’re just using a different measuring stick.) But this time we have a weight, not a mass, F, and we have a and are looking for m, so we need to do a bit of beginner’s algebra and come up with:
m = F/a
But this time F is 1 pound, and a is 32 feet per second squared. So our mass is 1/32. And indeed, if our answer is supposed to be in slugs, that’s the right answer. A slug, as it turns out, weighs 32 pounds here on earth, and 1/32 of a slug weighs one pound.
Engineers find it so useful to have a unit of mass, the ones working in the English system (poor sods) actually invented a “pound mass,” the mass of something that weighs a pound here on earth. But when they use the “pound mass” in their formulas they have to put a fudge factor of 32 in. With mass in pound mass, the formula becomes
m = 32 F/a
Or rearranging to the usual form
F = ma / 32
A pound mass will respond to a force 32 times as much as a slug would to the same force, as you can see when you solve for the acceleration (response), a = 32 Fm. Failure to properly account for this has doomed more than one rocket. Metric is cleaner, a kilogram is mass, and only mass.
I got my STEM education entirely in metric, that’s what I’m comfortable with, that’s what I’m going to use from here on out.
OK, so mass and weight are different. How do you measure them? If they are different things, you need different methods to measure them.
A force can be measured with a spring. Your typical bathroom scale, or your kitchen scale, will have a spring inside; the amount the spring is compressed by the stuff you put on the scale is a measure of the force exerted on the spring. Drag your kilogram of gold to the moon and bring your scale with it, it will push on the spring less and therefore weigh less.
A mass is best measured by a balance scale. Your doctor’s scale, for instance, is a balance scale. Take it to the moon, and if it read 100 kg on earth, it will read 100 kg on the moon.
But it’s probably marked off in pounds. If you weighed a hundred pounds on earth…that scale will read 100 pounds on the moon. It’s actually measuring your mass but is calibrated in pounds actually pounds mass. So it only looks like it’s measuring your weight.
A kilogram (mass) weighs 2.2 pounds on earth, the object that exerts a force of 2.2 pounds on earth, has a mass of one kilogram. That 2.2 will change on every different planet, however, since most of us never leave earth, we simply think of a kilogram as equaling or being the same as 2.2 pounds, when it really isn’t. It isn’t the same thing, any more than a gallon is the same as 8.33 pounds. (It weighs that much if it’s water and we’re on earth, but that doesn’t make a gallon the same thing as 8.33 pounds in any fundamental sense.)
With me still? I hope so.
Conservation of Mass
OK, I’ve shown you Newton’s Second Law by way of introducing you to the distinction between weight and mass. It’s called a “Law” not because some politician decreed it, but because the universe works this way.
F = ma
Always.
And when you have to use a fudge factor, the fudge factor is a constant. It’s a constant 1 in the case of metric and English slugs.
One could ask what would happen if the fudge factor were to change, and the answer is a bit surprising. Since the Newton is defined as being the force necessary to accelerate a kilogram at one meter per second per second, if it suddenly, tomorrow, took twice as much force to do that, the Newton would simply get twice as big.
Since it’s awkward having your units of measure change (for exactly the same reason that inflation sucks), the fact that scientists set things up that way should be evidence enough that they are sure the fudge factor never changes.
How do we know that? It is an induction, not a deduction. It has always been true, we assume it’s just the way the universe works, until we find an exception, and believe me, people are always looking for the exception. And also for just outright blatant violation of the rule; such as objects suddenly and inexplicably changing their velocity. That would be an a without an F, or perhaps the m taking a vacation and reducing to almost nothing momentarily.
Our whole view of the universe wouldn’t make sense if Newton’s second law weren’t true. Car collisions on icy roads, air hockey…if someone made an animated movie where this rule were blatantly violated, it would look fake to us. Of course if the movie were almost spot on, with maybe the fudge factor changing by 1 percent at random, we’d have a hard time seeing it, but this has been measured in laboratories, and it’s always true. And the fudge factor doesn’t change.
One other thing turns out to be true, at least as of 1895. Mass never disappears into nothing, and it never appears from nowhere, either.
Sure, the mass of an object can change. It could decrease. But that mass always goes somewhere else, it never gets destroyed. Or similarly, if the mass of an object increases, that mass came from somewhere else.
This is one of those realizations that turned science into a form of bookkeeping. The books have to balance, the mass in has to equal the mass out.
Set a two kilogram log on fire. Weigh the ashes afterwards, they mass out to maybe 600 grams. Did the other 1400 grams just disappear? Nope. It can’t, it’s not allowed to. So that tells the scientists they didn’t account for something. In this case, they didn’t capture and weigh the smoke and the carbon dioxide given off by the burning log (whilst upsetting leftists). So if you add that in, are you okay?
Nope, because now the mass after is more than the mass before. That’s not allowed either; you can go back to the bench and re-run the experiment.
This time, count not just the wood, but also the oxygen used to burn the wood.
Once you do that, your mass before matches your mass after. Life is good.
The books balance.
And this was another thing that (as of 1895) was considered to be always true. Every time it had been tested, it was true. And a test isn’t just an explicit lab exercise like I just described, but literally everything done in a lab implicitly follows this rule.
In this case simple arithmetic is enough to do the bookkeeping. And nothing of negative mass has ever been seen, so you will see addition and subtraction, but never a negative result. Real accountants would find this dead easy. The trick, of course, is to account for everything, and measure carefully.
Gravity
There is one other thing about mass, though, that was (and still is) an important feature of the universe. And that is gravitation. I’ve mostly talked about gravity as something that exerts a force on a mass, so far, but I’ve not mentioned yet that mass actually exerts gravity. Every mass, exerts a force on every other mass. If you double the mass of the object, it exerts twice as much force. If you double the distance between the objects, however, you divide the force by 4. This is the square of the distance, and you’re dividing by it, so it’s called an inverse square relation. But one more thing. If you double the mass of the other object, the force you exert on it doubles too, and it responds with the same acceleration.
You are exerting a tiny gravitational force on the Andromeda galaxy. And vice versa. In fact, it’s the same amount of force in both directions.
The law of gravitation was also first noted by Sir Isaac Newton.
You can write this law as follows, at least as a first cut.
F = m1m2 / d 2
Multiply your masses together, divide by the square of the distances, and you get F.
Except, no you can’t. Meters, kilograms, seconds, and Newtons go together with F=ma, but they don’t go together in this equation. Two masses 1 kilogram each, at one meter’s distance? That equation says the force should be one Newton. It’s not. It’s a lot less. You need to plug in a fudge factor, and this one is named G. The law of gravitation properly reads
F = Gm1m2 / d 2
And G is a very small number, because in Newton’s day you couldn’t even measure what F was. Without being able to measure F, we couldn’t figure out what G was. And for any scenario where we could measure F, we either couldn’t measure one of the masses, or d, or both. Either way, G was unmeasurable.
But even without that, Newton could see the law was good, because he could check the responses of things to earth’s gravity. An apple, and the moon.
To start this out, in fact, let’s assume we want to measure the acceleration, not the force. Both sides of the equation above are a force, dividing by the mass of one of the objects, the one we want to watch, gives:
a = Gm2 / d 2
And you can substitute mass of the earth, me, for m2. So the acceleration of, say, an apple dropped, is:
a = Gme / d 2
And if you’re standing on the surface of the earth, d is the radius of the earth. (You can treat the earth as if its entire mass were at the center, so long as it’s radially symmetrical (which it almost is). That’s one of many things Newton proved. He had to invent calculus to do that.)
In this particular case, we knew a, and we knew d, but we knew neither G or me. But we knew what their product had to be! This is called the earth’s gravitational parameter, and is usually written μe. (Greek letter mu, usually pronounced as “mew” in English, though logically it should be “moo.”) This is very handy, in fact, it’s so handy that even today people who work with orbital motion just use gravitational parameters; it saves them the bother of multiplying the same numbers over and over again.
a = μe / d 2
Newton had pretty good information on how far away the moon was. He could compute how much it was accelerating as it orbits the earth (always downward, as if it were on a string being whirled around the earth), and his equation and the data matched. The moon responded to Earth’s gravitation exactly the same way as the apple did. This was the first time we had ever shown that something “up there” follows the same physical laws as something“down here.” And that’s why it’s called the universal law of gravitation.
So Newton knew the earth’s gravitational parameter, and the distance to the moon was known before his time. But what about the rest of the solar system? Well, life was rough for astronomers working out the solar system back then. Because we didn’t know the actual distance between the sun and any of the planets, nor between other planets and their moons. We did know the relative distances; we knew, for instance that Jupiter’s distance to the sun was 5.2 times that of Earth’s. Kepler had figured that out in the late 1500s. We could also see that the inverse square law worked: The acceleration Jupiter experienced was about 1/27th that of earth, though we couldn’t tell what it was because we didn’t know the scale. Newton, in fact, showed mathematically that any inverse square force will cause things to orbit in ellipses, thereby vindicating and strengthening Kepler, and using Kepler as evidence that an inverse square law was involved.
Measuring the Solar System, Massing the Earth
So astronomers didn’t know the gravitational parameter of the sun, much less G and the mass of the sun. And they didn’t know d, in this context the distance from anything to the sun, much less the earth-sun difference (but they named it: It’s an astronomical unit, and is still called that to this day). But if they could figure out what d was for Earth, they’d know it for everything else in the solar system, because we knew the proportions. And if they knew d, they could figure out the Sun’s gravitational parameter, because you can figure out the acceleration directly from d and the length of the year.
Astronomers got the first intimations of d when we were able to triangulate on Venus as it crossed between earth and the Sun, in 1761 and 1769. We could plot its motion and position on the sun’s disk from multiple places on earth, see how different it was, and determine how far away it was, just like when you move your head from side to side, a near object will move against the horizon more than a distant one will. If you measure that apparent shift, and know how much you moved your head, you can compute how far away it is. Multiple parties went to different places on earth, just to measure these transits, the more measurements the better. It was one of the first major examples of international scientific cooperation.
Similarly we now had a good number for the distance to Venus, and because we knew the proportions of the solar system, we instantly had the distance from earth to the sun. We therefore knew a, and…now we had the gravitational parameter of the sun, because it was equal to a times d 2.
The gravitational parameter of the sun is 333,000 times the amount of the gravitational parameter of the earth. Since both numbers are G times the mass, you can see that the sun’s mass, whatever it is, must be 333,000 times that of Earth. Whatever that is. We still didn’t know.
But even better. We now knew the exact distance to Jupiter. And we could therefore watch how far the moons of Jupiter got from it in the night sky, do a quick calculation and get their orbit sizes…and now we could figure out the gravitational parameter of Jupiter! It is 317.8 times that of the earth, so its mass is also 317.8 times ours (again, whatever that is). Saturn has moons, and we could do the same thing for it. Mars has moons too, but they hadn’t been discovered yet.
Then in 1781 the planet Uranus was discovered. And in 1787, two moons were discovered. Shazaam! We knew how many earth masses Uranus was, and six years earlier we hadn’t even known Uranus existed. And we eventually figured it out for Mars, when we finally did discover its moons a century later.
But Venus and Mercury don’t have moons, and we could only make educated guess at their masses…until the 1960s and 1970s when we sent probes to them and could see how they interacted with those planets.
One last piece of the puzzle. Henry Cavendish (1731–1810) was actually able to measure the force of gravity between two heavy lead balls in his laboratory in 1798. This was painstaking work, but he now had a situation where he knew every term in the law of gravity except for G; he had the force, the distance, and the masses. So from that he was able to compute the value of G, and (in metric) it is: 6.67 x 10-11.
Now that we had that number, we could go back to every gravitational parameter we knew, divide by G and get the masses.
Now we knew the mass of the Earth. It’s 5.972×1024 kilograms. And everything else proportionately.
We did this, but we did not have to go “out there” and weigh anything.
Problems with the Law of Gravitation?
The law of gravitation worked really, really well. We never saw anything inconsistent with it…well, almost!
When we tracked Uranus in its orbit about the sun, it was clear it was not following the law, not quite. Was something wrong with the law of gravitation? The law was so useful everywhere else, and I mean everywhere else, that it would make no sense for it to be broken here, so instead of assuming the law was broken, we figured that there was something unknown out there, pulling on Uranus. It was complicated work, but Le Verrier in France and John Couch Adams in England both did the calculations in 1845, and when they told Galle, another astronomer, one who used a telescope rather than being a theorist, where to look…well, Galle found the planet Neptune almost immediately.
Far from it being a problem for the theory of gravitation, the discrepancy with Uranus’ orbital motion turned into a triumph, for the theory of gravity had been used to discover a planet, and had predicted it so well that it took someone who knew where to look less than an hour to find it.
That gives you a really strong feeling that this is the truth!
But I mentioned two problems. What was the other one?
The other was the orbit of Mercury. It’s an elliptical orbit, and if Mercury and the Sun were alone in the universe, that ellipse would never, ever move. But it does move, the long axis shifts 574 arc seconds every century. And of course Mercury and the Sun aren’t alone in the universe. So what we should be able to see is that the planets–and the sun’s slight oblateness–explain Mercury’s orbit precessing.
But when you add up all those effects, there’s still a discrepancy. They don’t add up. There’s still 43 arcsecond per century left over. And this bothered scientists.
But really, this probably isn’t a problem. We know what the answer has to be. There’s an unknown planet pulling on Mercury, one so close to the sun we just couldn’t see it in all the glare. The same Le Verrier that predicted Neptune predicted this planet. We even gave it a name, Vulcan; a perfect name because he was the Roman god of the forge and it gets hot near forges and near the Sun. But despite what you may have heard, scientists usually want to square things away, they want to see that planet, then they’ll be confident they know why Mercury is misbehaving.
But Vulcan was never found, and in 1895, it remained an open question. They expected to find it, they just hadn’t, yet. In truth, it really would be hard to see something like that; it can only be done during solar eclipses.
Conclusion
Well, this turned out to be pretty long. And maybe hard to follow (I hope not). But as I wrote it I realized how much “hung off” the concept of mass, and the law of gravitation, and how much we were able to learn about the solar system and our own Earth, each bit of knowledge building on the prior, with theory used as a framework. And you saw some limitations…we could only estimate the mass of bodies with no moons. This wasn’t even where I wanted to go with this, but it was too good to pass up. (Next week we continue towards our final destination.)
But hopefully you saw some notion of how science is supposed to function. It’s full of humans with their own foibles, of course, but in the end the truth does out. It’s nice when you can use a theory to predict something unexpected; it gives you a very warm fuzzy sense that the theory is correct. But at the same time, there are implicit assumptions; that the generalizations we see will continue to hold true. Sometimes we discover otherwise, and have to adjust; usually when that happens it turns out that the generalization was true under certain circumstances and is still useful, under those circumstances, but that you have to scrap it under others. (At the risk of a spoiler, you’ll see that Newtonian gravity is one of those cases.)
And in so many cases, if we seem to see far, it is because we stand on the shoulders of giants, the men who preceded us, and they stand on the shoulders of the men who preceded them. None of this could happen if we weren’t willing to use information gathered by others and build on it, and in turn that’s a testament to the power of being able to write things down so that knowledge outlives us.
Obligatory PSAs and Reminders
China is Lower than Whale Shit
Remember Hong Kong!!!
Whoever ends up in the cell next to his, tell him I said “Hi.”
中国是个混蛋 !!! Zhōngguò shì gè hùndàn !!! China is asshoe !!!
China is in the White House
Since Wednesday, January 20 at Noon EST, the bought-and-paid for His Fraudulency Joseph Biden has been in the White House. It’s as good as having China in the Oval Office.
Joe Biden is Asshoe
China is in the White House, because Joe Biden is in the White House, and Joe Biden is identically equal to China. China is Asshoe. Therefore, Joe Biden is Asshoe.
But of course the much more important thing to realize:
Joe Biden Didn’t Win
乔*拜登没赢 !!! Qiáo Bài dēng méi yíng !!! Joe Biden didn’t win !!!
Welcome back to Wolf’s Pub. It’s La Fée Verte Friday (aka Green Fairy Friday) here and we shall get to our magical drink soon. First, let us reiterate that Joe Biden did not win the 2020 presidential election. He’s an utter fraud, as are the monsters who installed him in the White House. May the Green Witch overtake them and put them where the sun doesn’t shine.
Wednesday was Earth Day. Duly noted. Eye roll to the max. Let’s put it this way: there is green, and then there is Green. Let us discern.
While world ‘leaders’ attempt to keep the dying Covid-19 scam (aka the Wuhan Virus) going, they are linking it with Climate Change and the Green New Deal. The Great Reset continues apace, although the sparkplugs aren’t firing as cleanly as the globalists and their communist lackeys would wish.
That Greenie False Prophet at the Vatican is sponsoring a New Age globalist health conference in early May. Here’s his super short speech at Joe Biden’s “Leaders Summit on Climate” yesterday, and the image below is for next month’s “Global Health Care Initiative.”
If you have any doubts about this religio-communist pretender, they should be dispelled here, where we see that God Himself is portrayed as wearing a glove, supposedly to prevent either infecting or being infected by Adam, and vice versa. What a disgusting, blasphemous act.
Archbishop Vigano speaks out. Here’s more about “Exploring the Mind, Body & Soul. How Innovation and Novel Delivery Systems Improve Human Health” conference on May 6-8th. A few of the speakers:
“Truth Over Fear summit is a three-day online gathering of 40+ frontline doctors, scientists, attorneys, researchers, and journalists, who will share invaluable and eye-opening insights into the truth behind the headlines, Covid-19, the rushed vaccine, and the Great Reset.
Big Tech does not want you to hear this information and is working hard to censor us. Most of our presenters have been silenced. In fact, the same day we published this summit, YouTube terminated our account and we are now shadow banned everywhere.”
You can sign up for free at the link. Limited time to do so. The speakers are stellar. Here’s a few:
Dr. Judy Mikovits, PhD
Arch. Carlo Maria Viganò
Robert F. Kennedy, Jr
Dr. Lee Merritt
Dr. Reiner Fuellmich
Dr. Wolfgang Wodarg
Alex Newman
Vladimir Zev Zelenko, M.D
Vera Sharav
Peter A. McCullough, MD
Senator Scott Jensen, M.D
Dr. Pierre Kory
Little Greta-the-greenhearted Thunberg (thanks Cuppa Covfefe!!) was spouting some nonsense the other day about animal diseases being linked with climate change and so on, completely ignoring that real scientists are experimenting with viruses in labs for gain-of-function use against humans, but whatever.
She’s got a new special on PBS. The propaganda is so easy to spot now and so very tiresome:
Well, let’s get to our drink special today. ABSINTHE. Oh, the humanity! This “beautiful madness” (from a poem by Peggy Amond) was known as the Green Fairy by many artists and writers of the Belle Époque.
“Absinthe began in France in 1789, initially as a healing potion. It was used to purify water and as an antiseptic. Absinthe gained in popularity during the Franco-Algerian war where many French soldiers had developed a taste for the high alcoholic “medicine.” and it became more and more popular. Because of its greenish tint, it became known as La Fée Verte (The Green Fairy). This is why French Absinthe is among the most popular.
As a result, by the end of the 19th century, absinthe was the favored cocktail of Paris and famous people were drawn to absinthe, like Vincent van Gogh, Pablo Picasso, Edgar Allan Poe, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, and Lord Byron, to name a few.
The popularity of absinthe wasn’t limited to Europe, as it soon found its way to the United States and in particular New Orleans, because of its large French population. Ernest Hemingway, Mark Twain and Oscar Wilde all enjoyed drinking absinthe at The Old Absinthe House on Bourbon Street. The Old Absinthe House is still there, by the way.”
Want to buy one of these? A traditional Absinthe fountain!
Here’s an article: The Five Biggest Absinthe Myths that gives a little info on its supposed hallucinogenic properties and the infamous way of serving it with a flaming sugar cube.
Be well warned that drinking Absinthe straight is a recipe for epic drunkenness. I had a bottle disappear from the house one night when my kids were at “that age.” Finally connected with my daughter the next morning after she and a friend had awoken from an Absinthe stupor.
I think she was sick for two whole days afterward. Has never had it since. I can laugh now. NOW.
Outlawing Absinthe: Gov’t thought it subversive
Watch the fun vid below about Absinthe. Around the two-minute mark your host tells how TPTB were not happy that the working man would gather around drinking Absinthe and talk politics. That and the winemakers in France were unhappy that Absinthe was cutting into their profits:
For a lovely and magical explanation of Absinthe’s attraction, watch this Swiss video that shows a second-generation distiller of Absinthe:
And here’s a last one. Basically a six-minute ad for a particular distillery, it is beautiful and dramatic:
“And the name of the star is called Wormwood. And the third part of the waters became wormwood; and many men died of the waters, because they were made bitter.”
And here from the Prophet Amos (Chapter 5:6-8):
“Seek ye the Lord, and live: lest the house of Joseph be burnt with fire, and it shall devour, and there shall be none to quench Bethel.
You that turn judgment into wormwood, and forsake justice in the land,
Seek him that maketh Arcturus, and Orion, and that turneth darkness into morning, and that changeth day into night: that calleth the waters of the sea, and poureth them out upon the face of the earth: The Lord is his name.”
So much to ponder there…
There was a 2017 docudrama from Netflix (yuck) that is named Wormwood, and tells the story of Frank Olsen, who may have been an MK-ultra victim.
The Russian word ‘Chernobyl’ means Wormwood, btw.
House Rules
Keep it civil. Absinthe is purportedly an aphrodisiac and gets your inner muse going, so I don’t think we’ll have a problem with incivility. However, go here for Wolf’s rules before you hoist a Wolf Shot, and we’ll all do fine.
If you need to make a date with the Green Witch, head over to the Utree. Or, if we get separated from here, head over there to meet up. And lookee here, we’ve got a forum just about up and running.
The Green New Deal is the color of money
Well, now that we have our green drinks in hand, let’s get back to Climate Change, aka as the continuing saga of sick globalists and their communist henchmen as they try to take over the world and turn it into some type of dystopian nightmare.
We must have the obligatory mention of Arch Villain Bill Gates, who is buying up farmland like there’s a fire sale somewhere.
“The report highlights one of these so-called technical ‘solutions’ through the example of synthetic food, which aims to replace animal products with highly processed ingredients, usually through synthetic biology. Billionaires are heavily investing in this growing market: Gates alone has spent $50 million in leading company Impossible Foods and actively finances several others.
Fake food is advertised as a solution to climate change and environmental degradation, but in reality, fake food has a carbon footprint seven times larger than less-processed plant proteins. Cell-based meat also emits more GHG than some animal products and recent research even suggests that over the long-term, its environmental impact could be higher than that of livestock. Far from ending climate change or world hunger, fake food still relies on an industrial agricultural model, based on monocultures, toxic pesticides and GMOs, that is destroying our ecosystems and threatening our health.
“We’re about 16 months into this GSM, with 32 more years to go. Already 2019 and 2020 saw record low numbers of sunspots. We’ve had lower than expected crop harvests due to unseasonable rains both years. The April 2021 USDA World Agricultural Product report has articles detailing Taiwan’s expected 20% decrease in rice production this year over last, Cuba’s rice production 15% below its five-year average, Argentina’s corn, Australia’s cotton, Malaysia’s palm oil — all down, all due primarily to the weather. There are some expected bumper crops, all based on expanded acreage.”
The Greening of Communism
The White House Resident of the United States has jumped in with both feet to destroying the economy and jobs of our nation with a plan:
“The U.S. emissions cuts are expected to come from power plants, automobiles, and other sectors across the economy. Sector-specific goals will be laid out later this year.
The new U.S. target nearly doubles former President Barack Obama’s pledge of an emissions cut of 26%-28% below 2005 levels by 2025,” according to a Reuters article.
AOC and Sen. Markey have introduced some type of bait-and-switch bill to take our money and pretend to provide good jobs. There’s some social justice stuff wrapped up in it, so we all know it is another shot at taking from the barely-haves and giving to the have-nots. The rich elites will laugh all the way to the bank. It’s the Civilian Climate Corps, doncha know. Channeling FDR…
It’s one small step for us. Start small and step out boldly. Small farms, and even small gardens are going to save the world from starvation. Big government in cahoots with Big Ag has given us Fake Food System Models to scare and threaten us, take our money and steal our health.
Just like the fake numbers we get from just about every institution today, do read the above article to see how hoodwinked we’ve been. It’s just sickening.
In World War II there were Victory Gardens everywhere. People grew their own vegetables and fruits so that farm production could feed the troops. We can do this. Garden science has come a long way. Urban farming is a large and growing movement.
Gardeners in suburbia have turned their grass into raised beds. You would be amazed at how much food you can grow over a year in a small plot. Container gardening has blossomed, too. Even in apartments, you can grow all kinds of crops on a balcony. Gardening year-round in cold climates has also come a long way.
Here’s a great video about a family in California who grow annually 6,000 pounds of food on 1/20th of an acre. They even have chickens and little goats.
Here’s their website. They are teaching others the way to food freedom.
Four Season Farm with Eliot Coleman (great for year-round gardening in cold climates)
Charles Dowding and No Dig Gardening (great Youtube Channel)
The Plummery in Australia (a lot of good advice for new gardeners):
Here is a balcony garden in Germany. Lovely:
There is a giant mountain of books, videos, blogs, podcasts and even local gardening clubs that can help us toward food freedom. Hmmm…Food Freedom. Sounds like a great forum topic.
At any rate, the way to beat the Giants is to be small. Lots and lots and lots of small gardens producing big. Seek out and support local food producers, many of whom live hand-to-mouth raising produce, meat, eggs and other products in a Good Steward way.
The more we can grow, make and produce, the less we have to rely on the Giants. We can defeat the globalists and their communist henchmen one garden plot at a time.
Let me begin by thanking everybody who helped test out the forum, including a couple of “new” posters. I want to emphasize that the forum is going to be designed to bring more people to the discussion, which is basically designed to be like Twitter or Gab – talk about whatever.
I want to THANK Tonawanda for pushing this aspect IMMEDIATELY, because I want the forum to be a real forum. Patriots talking about WHATEVER. We will likely create subfora which may ask for either HIGHER levels of civility, or allow for LOWER levels of civility – basically being “The U Tree“, only not under the control of WordPressDotCom. We will leave The U Tree where it is, as a kind of lifeboat in case this whole site goes down, but otherwise, I want to move the “get a room” stuff back to this site – just in a back room.
Likewise, thank you to Bfly for BRINGING HOME THE BACON.
Our friend rayzorback also gets it. ANYTHING.
NOW – let’s get down to BUSINESS.
I want to start making this sucker more like what it’s supposed to be – to get it OUT of beta test mode – very quickly.
We have different formats – the default is THREADED, which is much like on our blog, with the wpDiscuz commenting system.
Threaded has INDENTATION of REPLIES to REPLIES.
Threaded ALSO seems to be the most popular of the formats:
Now that is SOMEWHAT not fair, because I put up a threaded forum first, and people gravitated to it. HOWEVER, I put up the other three formats fairly quickly, and they DID draw replies, but NOT new topics (or “posts” in some parlance), as the THREADED format did.
Based on my observations, the big hit was conservative cultural discussion using the threaded format.
The threaded format simply drew MORE participation.
The next most popular was PROBABLY the Simplified layout. This layout depends heavily on QUOTING. It’s linear with embedded quotes that refer back to prior replies. This is an older but very common style of layout.
The Extended layout is pretty much the same as simplified, only LOOOONGER. It also depends on quoting.
Finally, there is the Q&A layout, which is a bit like Reddit, and a bit like technical “questions answered” forums.
This one is weird and confusing, yet has strange charms. It’s easier to show you how it works. The most important principles are as follows.
(1) The title asks a question, which is fleshed out in a top-level “reply” which can be commented upon.
(2) Responses to the title question are also top-level “replies”, which are called “Answers”, which have changeable titles, and can be upvoted or downvoted, affecting their display order.
(3) All top-level replies, both the fleshed-out question AND the “answers”, can draw COMMENTS, which are next-level replies, to which one CANNOT reply or “like”.
NOW – with that understanding in mind, observe FOUR disjoint snippets from a single Q&A session, which illustrate all these features and limitations.
1
2
3
4
Now, there seems to be some love for the Q&A format, despite its weird limitations. But there is also a lot of HATE.
We are almost led to the idea – well – can we have MULTIPLE layouts?
The answer is technically YES. However, there are RISKS in breaking up the forum too much. But let’s set those risks aside, and assume we are smart and don’t succumb to the risks – that we can avoid them. Let’s assume we “break things up smartly”. The next question is – HOW can we do this?
What is technically possible in terms of mixing styles?
There IS some “hybridization” possible, where we BLEND into a single style. It is complicated and probably won’t be done right away. This involves taking features from one style and grafting them into others. The software is designed to allow this, but it’s not simple, and it’s LIMITED. Small features, yes. Big ones – only if possible, and probably not even THAT.
So let’s set THAT aside. What is still possible in terms of multiple styles?
It turns out that EVERY FORUM AND SUB-FORUMS of that forum must have the same style. In other words, if I set up a forum, any forums “within it” or “below it” must be of the same style. Basically, anything in a hierarchy obeys the layout above it.
I can have MULTIPLE forums, but whatever layout is used in the top-level forum, carries down to ALL subforums.
Thus, if we want a “Q&A” forum like on technical sites, where answers “compete”, which can also be viewed as a reddit-style forum, where trendy consensus moves to the top, then that forum has to be DISTINCT from the main “threaded” or “simplified” forum, which is more likely to be the consensus forum layout. Likewise, if we want BOTH threaded and (simplified and/or extended) forums, then they ALL have to be separate, parallel, forums.
NOW your are ready to see what we have – FOUR parallel top-level TEST forums.
This will all get modified when I take the FORUM (as a whole) out of “beta test” into production. I may keep these old forums and their contents for historical purposes, or change them into new ones, but this is where it starts.
