“We do not believe any group of men adequate enough or wise enough to operate without scrutiny or without criticism. We know that the only way to avoid error is to detect it, that the only way to detect it is to be free to inquire. We know that in secrecy error undetected will flourish and subvert.” –J. Robert Oppenheimer
The man who knew too much, or the good guys stashing him somewhere safer than a Spanish jail?
From yesterday’s daily:
Getting subtle messages from U.S. officials saying, in effect: "We're coming for you McAfee! We're going to kill yourself". I got a tattoo today just in case. If I suicide myself, I didn't. I was whackd. Check my right arm.$WHACKD available only on https://t.co/HdSEYi9krq🙂 pic.twitter.com/rJ0Vi2Hpjj
John McAfee Found Dead In Prison Cell After US Extradition Approved
BY TYLER DURDEN
WEDNESDAY, JUN 23, 2021 – 03:36 PM
Update (1530ET): Just after Spain’s National Court approved a request for his extradition back to the US, where he faced the prospect of dying in a jail cell, Spanish newspaper El Pais reported Wednesday evening that John McAfee committed suicide in his cell, dying at the age of 75.
He was being held in a prison in Barcelona. So far, initial evidence of his death, which occurred Wednesday afternoon, local time, points to suicide.
Whatever happened, John McAfee did not kill himself.
John here to help speaks again.
In COVID news, the day after the World Health Organization took down the recommendation to not jab kids”
CDC Finds More Cases of Heart Inflammation in Vaccinated Young Males. “More than 1,200 cases.” But even though there are near zero risks for getting Covid for kids and zero benefit for kids getting the jab, that’s an insignificant number…unless it’s YOU! https://t.co/HsWVMH6w9c
Stunning. With a little mental flip, you can see this as the Earth spinning on its axis, unanchored in space, rather than the night sky moving – something we all know is the case, but don't usually feel in our bones. pic.twitter.com/yknxij2dXa
— Steve Stewart-Williams (@SteveStuWill) June 22, 2021
Somehow, I don’t think this is the recommended diet for bears.
I’m sure I could find more, but then what would we have to talk about?
Take heart. It’s almost Friday.
Oh, and before I forget:
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Please review our HOST and site owner’s Guidelines for posting and discussion for this site. Wolf is kind enough to put up with *most* of us and our antics after thorough vetting. Violators of the baiting and deliberately attempting to divide the group rules WILL face consequences.
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Fellow tree dweller Wheatie gave us some good reminders on the basics of civility in political discourse:
No food fights
No running with scissors
If you bring snacks, be sure they are made with bacon
Auntie DePat’s requests as we are all supposedly adults and not perpetual high school sophomores or the back row of the soprano section in any big chorus:
If you see something has not been posted, do us all a favor, and post it. Please, do not complain that it has not been done yet.
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57Now the time came for Elizabeth to be delivered, and she gave birth to a son. 58And her neighbors and kinsfolk heard that the Lord had shown great mercy to her, and they rejoiced with her. 59And on the eighth day they came to circumcise the child; and they would have named him Zechari’ah after his father, 60but his mother said, “Not so; he shall be called John.” 61And they said to her, “None of your kindred is called by this name.” 62And they made signs to his father, inquiring what he would have him called. 63And he asked for a writing tablet, and wrote, “His name is John.” And they all marveled. 64And immediately his mouth was opened and his tongue loosed, and he spoke, blessing God. 65And fear came on all their neighbors. And all these things were talked about through all the hill country of Judea; 66and all who heard them laid them up in their hearts, saying, “What then will this child be?” For the hand of the Lord was with him. 80And the child grew and became strong in spirit, and he was in the wilderness till the day of his manifestation to Israel.
(Today is the Feast of St. John the Baptist)
Prayers for the nation, the salvation of humanity, and all of us here – lurkers and members – as well as our families, are welcome.
Okay, so, it was a SPECTACULAR summer day here in flyover country. Temps in the low 80s, low humidity, etc., and that being the case, yours truly took the special needs nephew to the zoo. To put it mildly, the place was jammed. I mean jammed, and since we all were supposed to have reservations…it was JAMMED. (Our Zoo is on a special tax base with four other institutions, and thus has free admission, so, EVERYBODY goes anytime.)
In way of a ground report, there were signs everywhere saying, “We trust that those who are not vaccinated will wear masks.” As maybe 5% of the patrons of the Saint Louis Zoological Park were masked, I’d venture to guess no one is paying attention.
I did try to get a good picture of a camel for the header, and the camera was not cooperating. And not only that, the picture is too big to upload.
Hence why we’ve been so dumbed down and trained to trust “experts.”
george carlin gives one of the most succinct analyses of how the US is a corrupt oligarchy dominated by the capitalist class pic.twitter.com/mBdc0irvT2
Inspired by the trip to the zoo. While we were on the Zooline Railroad, we passed the exhibit known as “The River’s Edge” where the elephants are, and two of the ladies were out in their yard. Dear nephew said, “Those are Asian elephants.” (He was right.) I asked, “How do you know?” And he came back with, “I don’t know.”
Per the Boss:
And now for the obligatory message from our sponsors:
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Fellow tree dweller Wheatie gave us some good reminders on the basics of civility in political discourse:
No food fights.
No running with scissors.
If you bring snacks, bring enough for everyone
Please, stock up on blanks for celebratory gunfire, be ready to swing from the chandeliers…and no messing with the nuclear weapons.
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If you see something has not been posted, do us all a favor, and post it. Please, do not complain that it has not been done yet.
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Please, review these rules that our host Wolfm00n outlined toward the beginning of the growth of the tree itself. it won’t take long.
15″Beware of false prophets, who come to you in sheep’s clothing but inwardly are ravenous wolves. 16You will know them by their fruits. Are grapes gathered from thorns, or figs from thistles? 17So, every sound tree bears good fruit, but the bad tree bears evil fruit. 18A sound tree cannot bear evil fruit, nor can a bad tree bear good fruit. 19Every tree that does not bear good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire. 20Thus you will know them by their fruits.
“Our task is not one of producing persuasive propaganda; Christianity shows its greatness when it is hated by the world.” –St. Ignatius of Antioch
As always, prayers for the fight against that which seeks to enslave us are welcome.
Please include: President Donald Trump, the Q team, our soldiers in the field, special forces, tactical units, first responders and those working behind the scenes…and any and all people with family members in the hospital, COVID or not.
Guess what. J.P. knows how “Rapinoe” is supposed to be pronounced.
Carole Mac@HerbsandDirt I wonder how many homeopathic or natural remedies they’ve overtly vilified are actually THE answer to healing so many ailments ? Clearly we see that it’s never been about health, safety & our well-being. The Food Pyramid should have been our first clue. 11:47 PM · Jun 20, 2021
I’d go on, but then what would we talk about in the comments?
Okay…I’ve been fighting a sinus migraine for days, and there are so many wacko things going on in this house, I can’t think right now. So, talk amongst yourselves. Thanks
Something to remember, always.
Per the boss’s instruction:
I’d throw in a few Rockefellers and Rothschilds also.
Of course, this does not mean committing felonies, but standing up to the forces that want to tear this nation – and humanity apart. The very people XVII told us will be destroyed by the time this movie comes to an end are currently roaming the halls of power…supposedly. It’s a sickening sight.
And now for some mood music:
Your weekly reminder to take the pledge:
“I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter: So help me God.”
And now for the nitty gritty of the Q Tree 5 minute, stand up, Tuesday morning meeting version of the Daily Thread.
The discourse on this site is to be CIVIL – no name calling, baiting, or threatening others here is allowed. Those who are so inclined may visit Wolf’s other sanctuary, the U-Tree, to slog it out with anyone who happens to still be hanging out there. There is also a “rescue” thread there for members of the Tree to rendezvous if the main site goes kablooey.
This site is a celebration of the natural rights endowed to humans by our Creator as well as those enshrined in the Bill of Rights adopted in the founding documents of the United States of America. Within the limits of law, how we exercise these rights is part of the freedom of our discussion.
Fellow tree dweller Wheatie gave us some good reminders on the basics of civility in political discourse:
No food fights.
No running with scissors.
If you bring snacks, bring enough for everyone.
And Auntie DePat’s requests as we are all, ahem, adults, although some of us are beginning to wonder what the threshold for true adulthood is:
If you see something has not been posted, do us all a favor, and post it. Please, do not complain that it has not been done yet.
The scroll wheel on your mouse can be your friend. As mature adults, please use it here in the same manner you would in avoiding online porn.
Thank you so much for any and all attention to such details. It is GREATLY appreciated by more than one party here.
2Now Abram was very rich in cattle, in silver, and in gold. 5And Lot, who went with Abram, also had flocks and herds and tents, 6so that the land could not support both of them dwelling together; for their possessions were so great that they could not dwell together, 7and there was strife between the herdsmen of Abram’s cattle and the herdsmen of Lot’s cattle. At that time the Canaanites and the Per’izzites dwelt in the land. 8Then Abram said to Lot, “Let there be no strife between you and me, and between your herdsmen and my herdsmen; for we are kinsmen. 9Is not the whole land before you? Separate yourself from me. If you take the left hand, then I will go to the right; or if you take the right hand, then I will go to the left.” 10And Lot lifted up his eyes, and saw that the Jordan valley was well watered everywhere like the garden of the LORD, like the land of Egypt, in the direction of Zo’ar; this was before the LORD destroyed Sodom and Gomor’rah. 11So Lot chose for himself all the Jordan valley, and Lot journeyed east; thus they separated from each other. 12Abram dwelt in the land of Canaan, while Lot dwelt among the cities of the valley and moved his tent as far as Sodom. 13Now the men of Sodom were wicked, great sinners against the LORD. 14The LORD said to Abram, after Lot had separated from him, “Lift up your eyes, and look from the place where you are, northward and southward and eastward and westward; 15for all the land which you see I will give to you and to your descendants for ever. 16I will make your descendants as the dust of the earth; so that if one can count the dust of the earth, your descendants also can be counted. 17Arise, walk through the length and the breadth of the land, for I will give it to you.” 18So Abram moved his tent, and came and dwelt by the oaks of Mamre, which are at Hebron; and there he built an altar to the LORD.
St. Michael the Archangel, defend us in battle. Be our protection against the wickedness and snares of the devil. May God rebuke him, we humbly pray. And do thou, Prince of the Heavenly Hosts, by the power of God, cast down to Hell Satan and all his evil spirits, who prowl about the world seeking the ruin of souls. Amen.
>>148156518 Amen brother. Q
As always, prayers for the fight against that which seeks to enslave us are welcome. Via con Dios.
One of the really big shockers for me has been the relationship of the tech giants to the bat coronavirus researchers. What the heck is up with that?
Why did Zuckerberg and Chan (after COVID “struck”) fund Baric, who worked with “the bat woman” and Wuhan? It smells every bit like a “book deal” – an influence pay-off after the fact. This would lead me to believe that Zuck and Chan and Baric actually go back FURTHER, in ways that have not appeared yet.
Why did Google fund Daszak and a group that then funded Wuhan? This actually goes back. And then, Daszak trying to cover up HIS role in the cover-up of the Wuhan Institute of Virology connection – what’s up with THAT?
I don’t want to get into all that stuff too much, but I want to leave you some great links to show you this is REAL – this is not BS. The “fake news snopesing complex” is all over this, trying to hide it, but the word is OUT.
TECH and BAT RESEARCH are THICK.
References on tech / bat research monetary links
Here is the Zuckerberg-Chan “book deal payoff” to Baric’s lab.
Fauci reveals that Mark Zuckerberg offered him “resources and money” – this at the same time Zuck was using cash to interfere in the 2020 election on behalf of Democrats.
Now, I had just heard about all of these monetary connections now being discovered, and thought that any relationship between the tech giants and these virus creeps had to be connected to the FAKE ELECTION PLOT.
BUT – as I was perusing the internet COVID literature, I encountered two scientific papers that made me realize something.
These tech tyrants may have had ANOTHER motive. A DEEPER and MORE PERSONAL motive.
Wanting to live forever – or at least LONGER.
And it gets BIGGER – as in all of society – as in FITNESS – as in EUGENICS.
Here is the part of this paper that set off the alarms. I will make BOLD or underline the most important parts:
BAT MICROBES CAN SHED LIGHT ON DISEASE, IMMUNITY, AND LONGEVITY
Bats and their microbes are increasingly recognized as important components of zoonotic disease cycles (37, 38). A few studies have identified potentially pathogenic members of the excreted bat microbiome such as Bartonella spp. (39, 40) and Leptospira spp. (41). Bats are also known or suspected to be the reservoir of several viruses that are lethal to humans, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Ebola, and rabies viruses (42,–44), as well as of Plasmodium parasites closely related to those in rodents that are used as models to study malaria (45). Genomic insights have generated plausible explanations for how bats may have evolved to harbor such deadly microbes (e.g., reference 46), but in spite of abundant evidence that the microbiome interfaces directly with the host immune system (47, 48), there has not yet been an integrative study addressing whether microbial symbionts contribute to bats’ innate ability to act as pathogen reservoirs. As an additional axis of variation, bats which have flexible roosting habits can be found in close proximity to humans and may potentially swap microbes with humans and their companion animals (49). Bats may transfer microbes to livestock when they exist in close proximity (e.g., pigs consuming partially eaten fruits dropped by fruit bats [50]) or use the same habitats (e.g., horses coming into contact with bat droppings in pastures [51]). Studying bat microbiomes would therefore have obvious public health implications and could help to explain the epidemiology of emerging infectious diseases.
Similar avenues of research can also consider what impact, if any, the host microbiome has on susceptibility of bats to white nose syndrome (WNS), a frequently fatal cutaneous infection that has reduced hibernating bat populations by up to 90% in North America (52). Because not all individuals are killed by the infection, there may be selection on the skin microbiomes of surviving individuals to become enriched with antifungal bacteria. Indeed, one study discovered that in WNS-positive populations, the skin microbiome of bats was enriched with Rhodococcus and Pseudomonas spp., which are known to have antifungal activity (53). Additional studies in this area can answer the questions of how exactly these bacteria inhibit the growth of the causative agent of WNS and what enrichment of the microbiome with these bacteria might mean for the long-term survival of affected host populations.
Bat microbiomes can be used more generally to understand the links between the microbiome and the evolution of other phenomena of interest, such as immunity and longevity. To date, studies addressing the link between host aging and the microbiome in humans and lab animals have uncovered direct links between microbial metabolic products and life span of the host (54). Bats represent an exciting system in which to test for links between the microbiome and aging because they are exceptionally long-lived for a mammal of their size (55, 56). Mice are conventional model mammals, but the commonly used BALB/c mouse strain has a life span of about a year and half, making studies of longevity in these animals rather short-lived (57). Bats of comparable mass can achieve life spans of up to 40 years, and many are philopatric to particular roosts, making repeat sampling of individuals throughout their lifetimes possible (58, 59). Because these animals’ microbiomes can be sampled nonlethally, they are inherently attractive for such studies (36). However, it is worth noting that these animals are especially sensitive to disturbance during hibernation, so experimental designs should minimize unintended disturbance of roosts, particularly in areas where white nose syndrome has decimated bat populations (60). It may also be possible to keep bats in captive colonies in order to sample them throughout successive years of their lives. Recent evidence suggests that metabolites produced by gut microbes in bats might offset the oxidative damages incurred during active flight, resulting in downstream impacts on aging (61). However, many questions still remain. By what mechanism does the microbiome help to extend life span, and is this pattern consistent across mammals? How does interindividual variation impact the relationships between longevity and microbiome community structure? We believe that studies of bat microbiomes can help to answer these important questions and more.Go to:
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Bats represent an untapped resource for understanding microbiome evolution in mammals. Because of their exceptional diversity, longevity, and ecological importance, we believe that studies of their microbial symbionts will reveal exciting new roles for microbes in driving host evolution and fitness and may help us to better understand the dynamics of emerging zoonotic pathogens. We provide applications of bat microbiome research in the hopes that more researchers will realize the potential that this system has to offer. Multi-omics approaches can be used to parse apart the contributions of host genome, metagenome, and microbial metabolites to the processes described above, and as the costs of these methods continue to decrease, such studies will only become more feasible. The results of studying bat microbiomes using these approaches will undeniably advance the fields of host-microbe interactions, comparative physiology, and public health.
This then led me to a paper specifically about bats and longevity.
This paper is an absolute GOLD MINE of authoritative scientific optimism about life extension through bats, tying in IMMUNITY and INFLAMMATION. I cannot just pick out some part to highlight – the WHOLE THING is evidence of what people are thinking.
What I have done is grabbed the IMAGES which are the most quickly informing. Not all of them – just some of them. Plus a few selections of text which are equally useful.
Abstract
For centuries, people believed that bats possessed sinister powers. Bats are thought to be ancestral hosts to many deadly viruses affecting humans including Ebola, rabies, and most recently SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. However, bats themselves tolerate these viruses without ill effects. The second power that bats have is their longevity. Bats live much longer than similar-sized land mammals. Here we review how bats’ ability to control inflammation may be contributing to their longevity. The underlying mechanisms may hold clues to developing new treatments for age-related diseases. Now may be the time to use science to exploit the secret powers of bats for human benefit.
Figure 1 Bats Live Longer Than Similar-Sized Land Mammals
(A) Major lineages of bats.
(B) Relationship between lifespan and body mass in mammals. Bats are indicated by red circles; all other species of mammals are indicated by black circles. The lifespan and body mass data are from Healy et al. (2014).
Treatments Based on Bat Strategies
Bats have evolved multiple mechanisms to suppress inflammation, in particular by dampening nucleic acid sensing pathways. A number of pharmacological interventions targeting nucleic acid sensing pathways had already been developed. Historically, the focus has been on developing activators of these pathways to serve as antiviral or anticancer drugs (reviewed in Vanpouille-Box et al., 2019). However, with the realization that inflammation contributes to a wide range of diseases from autoimmunity to age-related conditions, the interest has shifted to developing antagonists of nucleic acid sensors (Sheridan, 2019). This proved to be a challenging task due to high level of redundancy within nucleic acid sensing pathways and the danger of increasing vulnerability to infections. Here, the information obtained from the studies of bats can assist in drug discovery (Table 1 ).
Future Perspectives
In summary, besides serving as a source of deadly diseases and harboring viruses similar to SARS-CoV-2, which caused the current pandemics, bats have a lot to offer humanity by illuminating the pathways to develop novel therapeutics to treat age-related conditions and promote longevity. Already studies of the altered innate immune responses in bats point to several classes of small molecules, some of which have links to aging. However, we can only see the tip of the iceberg when it comes to understanding how bats deal with inflammation, and clearly more studies are warranted. This is also true for other hallmarks of aging, which are still minimally explored. In addition to finding small molecules targeting specific pathways that can be tested in humans, it will be of interest to engineer specific bat alterations in mice and determine whether this leads to enhanced lifespan and healthspan.
Bats have evolved skewed, and ultimately successful, strategies to experience longer and healthier lives, even if this is a secondary outcome of selection for responses to viral infections and/or the dramatic range of metabolic states that accompany periods of flight and torpor. Humans in the last century have created a lifestyle that has gone bats; we live in high densities and (many of us) travel extensively, enhancing exposure to and spread of pathogens. By embracing “batty” strategies to deal with the challenges that our new lifestyle presents, we may be able to solve what look to be the two biggest medical challenges of the 21st century: the rise of viral pandemics and the ever-increasing prevalence of chronic diseases that all share aging as their biggest risk factor.Go to:
Acknowledgments
This perspective was conceived when the authors were quarantined together for potential exposure to COVID-19. Research in authors’ laboratories is supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, United States.
Where does this go?
OK? It really helps to skim through that SECOND article, because one can ALMOST see the stuff that would make these TECH TITANS DROOL.
Centuries more of life if we just got PARTIAL success in bringing over some “bat tech” to human life.
And I didn’t really dig here, either. This was just what was floating on TOP of the “bat longevity” literature.
Think how much “good” Zuckerberg, Brin, Gates and these others could do, in a few more centuries, if they just had the elixir vitae that bats seem to promise!
Those who don’t think this is a possible motivation, can look at my previous discussion of “life extension” in another article about the more “fictional” science of adrenochrome, wherein I discussed WHY it’s possible to sell a complete fiction like adrenochrome the drug to both CUSTOMERS and CRITICS. In that discussion, the interest of the tech titans in life extension is both mentioned and referenced.
The Truths, Lies, and Disinformation Surrounding a Mythical yet Very Real Substance There is nothing more intriguing than an enigmatic character who defies political and cultural boundaries to tell great truths, yet mixes in just enough lies, fakery, shiny objects, red herrings, exaggerations and omissions to make himself or herself economically viable solely on their …
In the process of this scientific and social examination of the mythical “adrenochrome”, I looked at the very real concept of “young blood”.
There is a REAL market for any REAL or merely RUMORED rejuvenation.
People will even inject themselves with a deadly POISON to look younger.
Yes. “Beautox” is real. And it “REALLY” works – to make people LOOK younger.
Oh, Mark Zuckerberg – you are looking MAAAAHRRRRVELOUS!
Now, I don’t know WHO or HOW – China or CIA or Obama or DARPA – but I suspect that LIFE EXTENSION is the HOBBY WITH BENEFITS of the elite. And BATS was a natural attractor.
So I suspect that this INFLUENCER – bat research as the path to the elixir vitae – was introduced into the RIGHT CIRCLES by people who understood influence. And HERE WE ARE.
W
PS:
How will China and their puppets study the success of their bioweapon here in the United States, and its effect on voting?
This Stormwatch Monday Open Thread is VERY OPEN – a place for everybody to post whatever they feel they would like to tell the White Hats, and the rest of the MAGA/KAG/KMAG world (with KMAG being a bit of both).
Yes, it’s Monday…again.
But it’s okay! We’ll get through it.
Free Speech is practiced here at the Q Tree. But please keep it civil. We’re on the same side here so let’s not engage in friendly fire.
If you find yourself in a slap fight, we ask that you take it outside to The U Tree…which is also a good place to report any technical difficulties, if you’re unable to report them here.
Please also consider the Important Guidelines, outlined here. Let’s not give the odious Internet Censors a reason to shut down this precious haven that Wolf has created for us.
Please pray for our real President, the one who actually won the election:
For your listening enjoyment, I offer this from Phil Rey Gibbons, titled ‘Northmen’:
And this from Patrick Rundblad, titled ‘Mission Infinity’:
Our beloved country is under Occupation by hostile forces.
We can give in to despair…or we can be defiant and fight back in any way that we can.
Joe Biden didn’t win.
I will keep saying Joe Biden didn’t win until we get His Fraudulency out of our White House.
Wheatie’s Word of the Day:
spate
Spate is a noun which means…a sudden rush, flood or outpouring; a large number of similar things or events appearing or occurring in quick succession. It is often followed by ‘of’…as in, a spate of.
The Urban Dictionary lists some newer usages of spate: 1) Spate can be an alternative term to sex. 2) Spate also means to play a prank on someone. 3) You can also Spate yourself, by accidentally causing grief to yourself after performing an act. 4) Spate can be used as a curse word.
Used in a sentence:
The good patriots who love this country are getting fed up with the spate of lawlessness and constitutional violations that are flowing from the Demoncrats in power.
This is a HEADS UP to all authentic American patriots about our phony globo-nazi “friends” in DOJ and FBI, otherwise known as “Dodge” and “FIB”.
Let me give you the TL;DR right here.
The Bidenistas and Bidenazis are going to try to GO CANADA during however long they remain in power. “FIB” is going to be an integral part of the harassment. Expect FIB to escalate in response to their own phony accusations against “domestic violent extremists”. That is how the incremental tyranny works. And when audits threaten the fake election, expect it to get REALLY BAD.
You can glean this out of a combination of recent Biden orders and policy statements on dealing with “domestic extremists” (that would be us loyal Americans), and what the deeply corrupt DOJ, through the FBI, is now doing to gently extend the pool of harassables, who are getting the “20 machine gun, broken front door” treatment. Short story – people who are not even being CHARGED are getting VIOLENTLY raided.
So far, FIB has done an “excellent” job (using NAZI criteria here about what is “excellent”) of keeping the political aspect of what they do beneath the obviously and easily accusable. One thing that has been done, at a policy level, is to not engage in prosecutions of January 6 “domestic extremists” except when those people either entered the capitol building TRAP itself, or engaged in actual violence outside the building. This is essential for them to maintain the false narrative of “domestic extremists” by omission of the vast majority of Trump supporters who were there, peacefully protesting the TREASON which happened INSIDE the capitol.
TREASON which the deeply political KGB-FBI helped set up, and in some cases, actually helped commit.
One seeming exception to this policy was the “high-valued political target” of “Walk Away” movement founder Brandon Straka, who has been REMARKABLY QUIET of late, as was clearly intended by prosecuting him.
Straka was immediately shut down on Facebook after January 6 – his sites and groups being completely eliminated on January 8. Sundance had great coverage of this:
Extreme control efforts are a reaction to extreme fear. If the left-wing political elements who control most social media platforms were not fearful they would not be taking such aggressive action. Today Brandon Straka announces his #WalkAway group has been removed from Facebook and deplatformed.
Then, on January 25, Straka was arrested in Omaha, Nebraska. After two days in jail, he was let out. A flurry of mainstream Fake News articles appeared – then nothing. Again, Sundance covered it:
Despite the weak evidence outlined in the indictment, this looks like a case of specific DOJ and FBI targeting of political voices. The regime will not be opposed…
Brandon Straka was the founder of the #WalkAway movement. He was also a key organizer for the Stop the Steal group during the January 6th political protest in Washington DC.
WASHINGTON DC – A prominent activist in the Stop the Steal movement who spoke at a rally held by backers of President Donald Trump in Washington the day before the storming of the Capitol was arrested on Monday on charges that he took part in the riot.
Brandon Straka, 44, was arrested on a felony charge of interfering with police during civil disorder. The self-described founder of a movement to “walk away” from liberalism was also charged with unlawful entry into a restricted building and disorderly conduct.
An FBI agent’s affidavit used to obtain a criminal complaint against Straka describes his role as an organizer of Stop the Steal and quotes his comments at the Jan. 5 rally held at Freedom Plaza, but doesn’t indicate whether the government views those activities as context for his actions at the Capitol or part of the alleged crimes.
The charging documents are HERE. The transactions of Straka’s case are listed HERE. You can see that his case was continued to May 26. Apparently on May 25 his case was continued AGAIN for another 3 months. During that time, Straka ONLY broke his silence in a Facebook live podcast / video to his supporters on the occasion of the re-continuation, which video was later REMOVED – reason unknown. Details of his brief message are HERE and in more detail HERE.
Brandon Straka also has a website – https://brandonstraka.com/ – which has ZERO information about the case, and doesn’t even appear to have much recent information AT ALL. All people with any questions are directed to his site – which says nothing.
The details of the case are interesting. It is very debatable whether Straka did anything other than “almost” going into the capitol building, by being in a crowd near a doorway which was successfully BLOCKED by Capitol Hill Police. Basically, Straka was in behind others who were pushing and shoving and trying to get in. You can read the charging documents and linked articles. I am of no opinion about what Straka did or didn’t do, but I am also of the opinion that DOJ is going after him, because he was a rally speaker on January 5, along with General Mike Flynn, and “Dodge” is still desperate to go after Flynn.
Now it is clear that Dodge and FIB have gone after people who merely walked inside the building, in some cases without any warning or opposition, and in a subset of those cases, literally invited in by Capitol Hill Police. It is generally observed and understood that people who did NOT enter the Capitol, and who did NOT engage in violence, or otherwise attempt to “breach” the building, have not been charged.
YET.
Prosecution seems a bit uneven, however, within the group which only entered the building and behaved courteously. Some of those “insurgents” had completely civilized encounters with FIB, although in some of those cases, with laughably large numbers of agents and local law enforcement present. I won’t give any further details, lest some of the more enthusiastic Bidenazis decide those poor innocents need more trouble because they didn’t get enough. Because that’s how Nazis THINK and ACT.
However, in other cases, such as Dr. Simone Gold, the head of a doctor’s group (AFLD) supporting use of hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin to treat COVID-19, there has been a ridiculous amount of intimidating force used.
Yeah, we’ve got a real Bonnie and Clyde there, my friends.
Welcome to communism by a MINORITY PARTY. I guess maybe they really are “Mensheviks”.
The arrest of Dr. Gold was NOT benign. HERE is coverage at Gateway Pundit, originally HERE, with information from an interview with Michelle Malkin.
In describing this incident, Gold said, “I was paid a visit by the FBI in a Roger Stone kind of take down moment, which is quite uncalled for. You know, if anybody wanted to get a hold of me, they could have picked up the phone and called. I’m very easy to find. But there were literally twenty guys with guns blazing, [and they] broke down my door,” Gold said.
“It was dramatic and what I want to say is that I weep for our country. If you can pull in a person like me … [and] have the FBI break down your door with 20 guns, shackle you [in] handcuffs [and] drag you off, I mean it was really terrible … I’m telling you America, this can happen to you.”
Here is the interview:
Now, while it’s pretty clear that Straka and Gold were “high-value political targets”, it was looking like something I knew was going to happen, was not happening yet. Until now.
I knew that eventually the terribly corrupt and politicized “Dodge” would go after ALL patriots who were in Washington that day. ALL of them. They would not do so at first, but as the Soviet American communists – Bidenistas – Bidenazis – globo-nazis – WHATEVER – tightened control over America, they would ESCALATE.
OK? I want EVERYBODY who was in Washington to understand that. They will come for you EVENTUALLY. So you need to have a PLAN.
Worse yet, they are eventually going to start leaning on people who simply KNOW people who were in Washington. Yup. If you know me, as in have ever showed up on our site here, they are going to LEAN ON YOU. It cannot be stopped, unless THEY are stopped.
My mother didn’t live through the Nazis, and teach me all about them, to let this kind of information just sit with me alone, doing no good. I am giving all of you the earliest warning possible, so that you can be READY when they show up at your door. HAVE A PLAN.
Don’t tell me what you’re going to do. Let THEM worry about that.
Although, until you have a plan, THIS WORKS.
This is MUST-SEE video. I recommend watching it MANY TIMES, so that you have an INGRAINED RESPONSE. My recommendation is to psychologically prepare yourself against the regime by watching this over and over and over again.
Now, here is the kicker. Here is where they start raiding people who are NOT being arrested.
It’s imperative to read through this all, because of two points you need to watch for:
(1) The vaccine connection
(2) People being investigated for SOCIAL MEDIA CONNECTIONS
Now – I find it extremely interesting that this guy was INSIDE the Capitol Building, but he is not being charged. This immediately brings up the suspicion that it’s RACIAL-POLITICAL – that he is not being charged – ironically – because he’s black. Either THAT or lawyers are already getting charges DROPPED for some arrested protesters due to evidence that protesters were being ALLOWED IN or even ENCOURAGED to enter the Capitol Building. But if that is the case, why raid him at all?
I am starting to think that the most important part seems to be the ANTI-VAXX connection. Note that Massaquoi is NOT a friend or associate of “Baked Alaska” – he simply showed up in Baked’s videos.
The whole thing screams politics. One of the FEW places where Hollywood seems to buck the leftist establishment is on vaccination. Thus, I am thinking that this is a BIG reason they are going after him. Yet, at the same time, for all of Hollywood and all of Fake News Journalism, and frankly for all of DOJ and FBI as well, being “Blackque” is deserving of special treatment. I think, in that world, at the most cynical interpretation, they know DAMN WELL that arresting a BLACKQUE MAN for anti-vaxx in Hollywood, would whip up a firestorm – ironically one of their own making. Thus, they decided to drop him into a kind of “material witness” status, so that they could “deliver the message” without taking political risks on the left.
And THAT brings us back to THIS SITE.
We have been leading the way on a lot of VIRUS and VACCINE reporting. We NAILED the spike protein. We called out the magnetic disinformation, and our side has been INOCULATED against the ploys of the left. We are a target. I think there was big hope that we would swallow the “magnetic vaccine” crap and be discredited. Instead, we turned that around.
My first response to the magnetic stuff, while bobbling the ball, was to hint back at technological possibilities which would trigger their greed – basically a kind of “radar”. While that picture was resolving, I looked at the “magnetic vaccine” problem and came to the conclusion that it was disinformation being used to discredit the most susceptible (no pun originally intended) critics of the spike protein vaccines. There is still an enormous amount of very interesting science there, but it’s a distraction – even a risk – because it’s easily thrown into the bad context of the “Magnet Challenge”. Right now, we need to make them pay for what they did, and secure FREEDOM.
Also, they are going to try this COVID crap again. There are appropriate responses. I’m sure our people have some ideas of what they are. And that’s all I’m saying. But trust me, they will pull some crap like that again. Biden said so – literally – another pandemic is coming. All the boardroom bozos can feel smart saying that, for the wrong reasons. It’s coming because the last one WORKED.
We have to be the spoke-bending, tire-stopping, vehicle-crashing STEEL BAR that brings down the next phony plannedemic.
Are you with me? GOOD.
Now – because we’ve been scoring so many hits on the other side, on the virus and the vaccine, and helping unmask all this crap, and because we could seriously interfere with their NEXT plannedemic, they WILL come after us. It’s only a matter of WHEN – barring JUSTICE FOR THE FAKE ELECTION. And THAT will not be pretty, either. Expect raids related to THAT as well.
This Sanctuary Sunday Open Thread, with full respect to those who worship God on the Sabbath, is a place to reaffirm our worship of our Creator, our Father, our King Eternal.
It is also a place to read, post and discuss news that is worth knowing and sharing. Please post links to any news stories that you use as sources or quote from.
In the QTree, we’re a friendly and civil lot. We encourage free speech and the open exchange and civil discussion of different ideas. Topics aren’t constrained, and sound logic is highly encouraged, all built on a solid foundation of truth and established facts.
We have a policy of mutual respect, shown by civility. Civility encourages discussions, promotes objectivity and rational thought in discourse, and camaraderie in the participants – characteristics we strive toward in our Q Tree community.
Please show respect and consideration for our fellow QTreepers. Before hitting the “post” button, please proofread your post and make sure you’re addressing the issue only, and not trying to confront the poster. Keep to the topic – avoid “you” and “your”. Here in The Q Tree, personal attacks, name calling, ridicule, insults, baiting and other conduct for which a penalty flag would be thrown are VERBOTEN.
In The Q Tree, we’re compatriots, sitting around the campfire, roasting hot dogs, making s’mores and discussing, agreeing, and disagreeing about whatever interests us. This board will remain a home for those who seek respectful conversations.
Last week, we read about the need for Christians to return to an “Old Time Religion”, but, specifically, what might that entail? What are the essentials or basic beliefs and practices of that Old Time Religion?
The following are two articles that address that topic. I don’t intend for these statements to be taken as a complete statement of the basics, and I won’t defend them as such. However, they provide a decent overview to address what Christianity is all about.
Remember that Jesus did not present His gospel via a four-year intensive program of studies attended by the religious elite of the day. Jesus spoke to be understood by the rough, hard-working people of that time and, specifically, to the sinners identified in that society.
As an example of the simplicity of our beliefs, we have the incident of the thief on the cross. That thief simply said to Jesus, “Lord, remember me when you come into your kingdom.” And Jesus replied, “Truly I tell you, today you will be with me in paradise.” No walking down front, no special prayer being sure to mention 3 or 4 things, no special blessing or approval by a high-ranking member of the local church, no special religious rites to be performed . . . nothing else. That thief simply trusted in Jesus.
“There is no one righteous, not even one; there is no one who understands; there is no one who seeks God. All have turned away, they have together become worthless; there is no one who does good, not even one.” Romans 3:10-12
And so it is today. God’s Word does not need a host of religious elite to interpret and expound, seemingly without end, the intricacies of the Christian faith. Christianity remains today as a set of core beliefs and practices meant to be understood, believed and practiced by the common people of our time.
At that time Jesus answered and said, “I thank You, Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that You have hidden these things from the wise and prudent and have revealed them to babes. Even so, Father, for so it seemed good in Your sight . . . Come to Me, all you who labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Take My yoke upon you and learn from Me, for I am gentle and lowly in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. For My yoke is easy and My burden is light.” Matthew 11:25, 26, 28-30
In the essentials . . . UNITY. In the non-essentials . . . LIBERTY. In all things . . . CHARITY (LOVE – Agape Love).
What are the essentials of the Christian faith?
The Bible itself reveals what is important and essential to the Christian faith. These essentials are the deity of Christ, salvation by God’s grace and not by works, salvation through Jesus Christ alone, the resurrection of Christ, the Gospel, monotheism and the Holy Trinity. These are the main “essentials” that we should understand and believe if we are followers of Jesus Christ. Let’s look at all of these in a little more detail.
The deity of Christ. Quite simply, Jesus is God. While Jesus never directly says, “I am God” in the Scriptures, He makes it very clear to those around Him, especially the Pharisees and Sadducees, that He is God. John 10:30 says, “I and the Father are one.” Jesus was claiming deity, and, interestingly enough, He did not deny that He was God. Another example is John 20:28, when Thomas says, “My Lord and my God!” Again, Jesus does not correct Him by saying that He is not God. There are many other examples one can find in the Scriptures regarding Jesus’ rightful place in heaven.
Salvation by grace. We are all sinners separated from God and deserving of eternal punishment for our sin. Jesus’ death on the cross paid for the sins of mankind, giving us access to heaven and an eternal relationship with God. God did not have to do this for us, but He loves us so much that He sacrificed His only Son. This is grace, and it is most definitely undeserved favor. Scripture tells us, “For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith—and this not from yourselves, it is the gift of God not by works, so that no one can boast” (Ephesians 2:8-9). There is nothing we can do to earn God’s favor or gain access to heaven apart from His grace.
Salvation through Jesus Christ alone. A truly provocative question to ask someone might be “Do all roads lead to God?” The truth is that all roads do lead to God. Eventually, we are all going to stand before God when we die, no matter what faith we are. It is there that we will be judged for what we have or have not done while we were alive and whether Jesus Christ is Lord of our lives. For the majority of people, this will be a terrible occasion, as most will not know Him or be known by Him. For these people, hell will be the final destination. But God in His mercy has provided all of us the only means for salvation through His Son, Jesus Christ. Acts 4:12 tells us that “salvation is found in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given to men by which we must be saved.” This passage speaks of the name of Jesus and His saving power. Another example is found in the book of John. Jesus answered, “I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me” (John 14:6). No one gets into heaven except by faith in the saving work of the Lord Jesus Christ on his or her behalf.
The resurrection of Christ. Perhaps no other event in the Bible, aside from Jesus’ appearance here on earth and subsequent death on the cross, is as significant to the Christian faith as that of the resurrection. Why is this event significant? The answer lies in the fact that Jesus died and then after three days came back to life and rose again to reappear to His followers in bodily form. Jesus had already demonstrated His ability to resurrect others such as His friend Lazarus. But now God the Father had resurrected Him to display His awesome power and glory. This amazing fact is what separates the Christian faith from all others. All other religions are based on works or a powerless deity or person. The leaders of all other religions die and remain dead. The Christian faith is based on Christ crucified and resurrected to life. “And if Christ has not been raised, then our preaching is in vain and your faith is in vain” (1 Corinthians 15:14). Lastly, to deny Christ’s bodily resurrection (John 2:19-21) is to deny that Jesus’ work here on earth was a satisfactory offering to God for the sins of mankind.
The gospel. In 1 Corinthians 15:1-4, Paul spells out what the gospel is and how important it is to embrace it and share it with others. He reminds the Corinthians of the gospel he preached among them: “That Christ died for our sins in accordance with the Scriptures, that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures.” This is the essence of the gospel. Paul also warns us to be wary of the many “false gospels” that are being offered to the unsuspecting: “But even if we or an angel from heaven should preach to you a gospel contrary to the one we preached to you, let him be accursed. As we have said before, so now I say again: If anyone is preaching to you a gospel contrary to the one you received, let him be accursed” (Galatians 1:8-9). The pure gospel of Jesus Christ—His death on the cross for sinners and His resurrection to everlasting life—is central to the Christian faith.
Monotheism. Quite simply, there is only one God. Exodus 20:3 states very powerfully, “You shall have no other gods before me.” Monotheism is the belief that there is only one God to be worshiped and served. “‘You are my witnesses,’ declares the LORD, ‘and my servant whom I have chosen, that you may know and believe me and understand that I am he. Before me no god was formed, nor shall there be any after me’” (Isaiah 43:10). Here we see that we are to “believe” and “understand” that God lives and is one. A Christian will know that there is only one God, the God of the Bible. All other “gods” are false and are no gods at all. “For even if there are so-called gods, whether in heaven or on earth (as indeed there are many ‘gods’ and many ‘lords’), yet for us there is but one God, the Father, from whom all things came and for whom we live; and there is but one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom all things came and through whom we live” (1 Corinthians 8:5-6).
The Holy Trinity. While the concept of a “three-in-one God” is not represented by a single verse or passage, it is described frequently throughout Scripture. If we look at Matthew 28:19, we see the verse calling out the Trinity: “Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.” While this verse mentions all three Persons of the triune God, it does not call them the Trinity. So to understand the doctrine of the Holy Trinity, we must look at the “totality” of Scripture and glean from it the definition. In 1 Corinthians 12:4-6, we see how this comes together: “Now there are varieties of gifts, but the same Spirit; and there are varieties of service, but the same Lord; and there are varieties of activities, but it is the same God who empowers them all in everyone.” Again, we see all three Persons being represented but not titled the Holy Trinity.
Faith. The essentials of Christianity would not be complete without the ingredient that binds everything together—faith. “Now faith is the assurance of things hoped for, the conviction of things not seen” (Hebrews 11:1). As Christians we live by this verse with the understanding that we believe in a God we cannot see. But we see His work in our lives and all around us in His creation. We do all of this through faith because we know that faith pleases God. “And without faith it is impossible to please him, for whoever would draw near to God must believe that he exists and that he rewards those who seek him” (Hebrews 11:6).
The core beliefs of Christianity are summarized in 1 Corinthians 15:1-4. Jesus died for our sins, was buried, was resurrected, and thereby offers salvation to all who will trust in Him in faith. Unique among all other faiths, Christianity is more about a relationship than religious practices. Instead of adhering to a list of “do’s and don’ts,” the goal of a Christian is to cultivate a close walk with God. That relationship is made possible because of the work of Jesus Christ and the ministry of the Holy Spirit.
Beyond these core beliefs, there are many other items that are, or at least should be, indicative of what Christianity is and what Christians believe.
Christians believe that the Bible is the inspired, “God-breathed” Word of God and that its teaching is the final authority in all matters of faith and practice (2 Timothy 3:16; 2 Peter 1:20-21).
Christians believe in one God that exists in three persons—the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit.
Christians believe that mankind was created specifically to have a relationship with God, but sin separates all men from God (Romans 3:23; 5:12).
Christianity teaches that Jesus Christ walked this earth, fully God, and yet fully man (Philippians 2:6-11), and died on the cross.
Christians believe that after His death, Christ was buried, He rose again, and now lives at the right hand of the Father, making intercession for the believers forever (Hebrews 7:25).
Christianity proclaims that Jesus’ death on the cross was sufficient to completely pay the sin debt owed by all men and this is what restores the broken relationship between God and man (Hebrews 9:11-14; 10:10; Romans 5:8; 6:23).
Christianity teaches that in order to be saved and be granted entrance into heaven after death, one must place one’s faith entirely in the finished work of Christ on the cross. If we believe that Christ died in our place and paid the price of our own sins, and rose again, then we are saved. There is nothing that anyone can do to earn salvation. We cannot be “good enough” to please God on our own, because we are all sinners (Isaiah 53:6; 64:6-7). There is nothing more to be done, because Christ has done all the work! When He was on the cross, Jesus said, “It is finished” (John 19:30), meaning that the work of redemption was completed.
According to Christianity, salvation is freedom from the old sin nature and freedom to pursue a right relationship with God. Where we were once slaves to sin, we are now slaves to Christ (Romans 6:15-22). As long as believers live on this earth in their sinful bodies, they will engage in a constant struggle with sin. However, Christians can have victory in the struggle with sin by studying and applying God’s Word in their lives and being controlled by the Holy Spirit—that is, submitting to the Spirit’s leading in everyday circumstances.
So, while many religious systems require that a person do or not do certain things, Christianity is about believing that Christ died on the cross as payment for our own sins and rose again. Our sin debt is paid and we can have fellowship with God. We can have victory over our sin nature and walk in fellowship and obedience with God. That is true biblical Christianity.
* https://www.gotquestions.org/christianity.html
The church today is surrounded by, struggling with, and in many cases has been corrupted by, a liberal, secular culture and needs people who are not ashamed to proclaim the gospel of Christ. Truth does not change, and adherence to the essential or basic principles of doctrine is needed. These principles are the bedrock upon which Christianity stands, and, as Jesus taught, the house built upon the Rock will weather any storm.
“Therefore everyone who hears these words of mine and puts them into practice is like a wise man who built his house on the rock. The rain came down, the streams rose, and the winds blew and beat against that house; yet it did not fall, because it had its foundation on the rock. (Matthew 7:24-25).
On this day and every day –
God is in Control . . . and His Grace is Sufficient, so . . . Keep Looking Up
Hopefully, every Sunday, we can find something here that will build us up a little . . . give us a smile . . . and add some joy or peace, very much needed in all our lives.
“This day is holy to the Lord your God; do not mourn nor weep.” . . . “Go your way, eat the fat, drink the sweet, and send portions to those for whom nothing is prepared; for this day is holy to our Lord. Do not sorrow, for the joy of the Lord is your strength.”
Enjoy another one of my “musicals”. I’ll get to it in a moment. But first, the background.
I actually like the idea of “Juneteenth” as a holiday, despite its unfortunate association in some parts of the country with black violence (Am I allowed to say that? It’s the truth.)
The end of slavery in America WAS a good thing. For EVERYBODY.
Man, did we learn THAT ONE in 2020. And the Bidenazis and Bidenistas had to use RACE to hide it.
And our own freaking FBI helped in the election theft. Utterly horrifying. I had no idea how right I was when I used to call them “KGB-FBI”.
NOW does the FBI giving Dylann Roof his gun make sense?
I’m kinda surprised that Juneteenth hasn’t been more celebrated, although – yeah – patching up the civil war probably involved LOTS of bad compromises, beyond the Missouri one that helped start bad things. Compromises just waiting to be undone along with “statues of remembrance” being torn down on both sides by communists. Mostly WHITE communists, ironically. That’s where the manipulable “guilt trip violence” comes in.
Just BECAUSE Juneteenth was often an opportunity for hooliganism, doesn’t mean that it has to stay that way. As more and more black people are stolen from the Democrat WHOOPS I MEAN COMMUNIST plantation, Democrat hooliganism will become more and more of a liability for them. At some point, they’ll pretend like it never happened. But until then, DUCK.
ANYWAY, I saw something that triggered a thought. I want to thank bflyjesusgrl for this repost on GAB.
Apart from misspelling ROSENBERG, I have to love that tweet. Even more, I have to love that it was captured as an image, so it will be here with us long after Twitter hides it by suspending the author. That is how Choomer Rasputin stacks the content on Twitter to the LEFT, as America moves massively TO THE RIGHT. He censors PEOPLE and thereby their ACCOUNTS to hide the censoring of the CONTENT THEREIN.
ANYWAY, I’m a bit of a connoisseur of Rosenberg memes. I’ve collected a few.
Here is a GREAT tweet by Dinesh D’Souza, comparing the Rosenbergs to the Clintons.
That picture of the Rosenbergs is from dear Wikipedia.
Another view.
Bolsheviks. SPIT.
Here was a great take on it, that somebody did.
Of course, there’s nothing earthly that can’t be improved.
Like I said, I’m a connoisseur. I even collect the bit players you never heard of, like George Koval. I did a deep dive on him and Jen Rubin back almost a year before Wray’s attack on Trump on Capitol Hill.
The very fact that fake conservative Jennifer Rubin published the below article (paywalled)…. “The descent of the GOP into authoritarian know-nothingism“ https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/02/17/descent-gop-into-authoritarian-know-nothingism/ (WAIT BEFORE READING THIS – we’ll do it together later in the post.) … on February 17 tells me who is living rent-free in her mind. February the Qth was no accident. And …
Yup. The Bolsheviks in Washington HAD to destroy Trumpism. Too bad that didn’t work.
I believe that the reason our treasony traitors pulled off the horrifying January 6 false flag…..
…..which we have indeed covered, is that they figured the only way out of blame for a lot of nasty stuff, was to not just get rid of Trump – they had to get rid of true American patriotism itself.
One thing that the traitors did, which was actually very, very smart, was to INFLAME the buffalo for five years. They wanted us AGITATED so that we would go right over that cliff on January 6.
Funny how badly that didn’t work. They ALMOST got their “Reichstag”, but not quite.
Too bad THEY were the only ones yelling “Burn This Shit Down”.
Anyway, back to the Rosenbergs. If you simply do a search on Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, you will be reminded that they became instant heroes to the treasonous left, and remain so to this day.
Another week, another deluge of BS from the White House and from the Controlled Opposition.
The Audit continues.
The collapse of the Covidschina continues.
No doubt much will be said about those today. (And I have missed a lot this past week.)
Justice Must Be Done.
The prior election must be acknowledged as fraudulent, and steps must be taken to prosecute the fraudsters and restore integrity to the system.
Nothing else matters at this point. Talking about trying again in 2022 or 2024 is hopeless otherwise. Which is not to say one must never talk about this, but rather that one must account for this in ones planning; if fixing the fraud is not part of the plan, you have no plan.
Lawyer Appeasement Section
OK now for the fine print.
This is the WQTH Daily Thread. You know the drill. There’s no Poltical correctness, but civility is a requirement. There are Important Guidelines, here, with an addendum on 20191110.
We have a new board – called The U Tree – where people can take each other to the woodshed without fear of censorship or moderation.
And remember Wheatie’s Rules:
1. No food fights 2. No running with scissors. 3. If you bring snacks, bring enough for everyone. 4. Zeroth rule of gun safety: Don’t let the government get your guns. 5. Rule one of gun safety: The gun is always loaded. 5a. If you actually want the gun to be loaded, like because you’re checking out a bump in the night, then it’s empty. 6. Rule two of gun safety: Never point the gun at anything you’re not willing to destroy. 7. Rule three: Keep your finger off the trigger until ready to fire. 8. Rule the fourth: Be sure of your target and what is behind it.
The metals took a major thumping this last week! Gold was at 1860 on the 15th and has fallen a hundred bucks since then.
Light (Part VIII of a Long Series)
Introduction
The general outline of this story is to start off by putting you “in touch” with the state of physics at the beginning of 1895. Physicists were feeling pretty confident that they understood most everything. Sure there were a few loose ends, but they were just loose ends.
This week marks the end of that positioning. Next week we move into 1895.
1895 marks the year when people began tugging at the loose ends and things unraveled a bit. In the next three years, three major discoveries made it plain there was still a lot to learn at the fundamental level.
Up until now, I have been explaining what the scientific consensus was in 1895. So much of what I have to say is out of date, and I know it…but going past it would be a spoiler. So I’d appreciate not being “corrected” in the comments when I say things like “mass is conserved.” I know that that isn’t considered true any more, but the point is in 1895 we didn’t know that. I will get there in due time. (On the other hand, if I do misrepresent the state of understanding as it was in 1895, I do want to know it.)
Also, to avoid getting bogged down in Spockian numbers specified to nine decimal places, I’m going to round a lot of things off. I used 9.8 kg m/s2 last time for a number that’s actually closer to 9.80665, for instance, similarly for the number 32.
Introduction
Light is our primary means of sensing the world around us (closely followed by sound, which does take top marks when talking about interacting with people specifically).
So it’s pretty important, and of course we have worked to understand it basically since…forever. Thus it might be surprising to find it was still largely an enigma as of 1895.
As is so often case, the story starts with the philosophers of ancient Greece, who engaged in all sorts of speculation, perhaps the most interesting of which is that we saw by having rays go from our eyes to the object.
Lens makers were able to gain some understanding of optics and construct the first eyeglasses about 1300 and the first telescope in the very early 1600s. (The first patent was by Hans Lippershey in the Netherlands in 1608.) These were used to observe ships coming into port, but word got to Galileo Galilei in Italy. He constructed a much-improved version, turned it skyward, and our view of the universe hasn’t been the same since. (His telescopes still exist; they are in a museum in Florence, Italy.) I’ve told parts of that story in prior posts.
Fig 8.1 – Galileo’s telescopes
Newton Splits Sunlight
But the first step in our story today was actually taken by Sir Isaac Newton, in 1666. He famously used a prism to break up a beam of white sunlight into light of many colors, in a band called a spectrum, but he also was able to use a lens and another prism to reassemble the light back into a white beam. He was also able to show that, having isolated one color nothing could change that color, not shining it on other colored objects, or the same colored object. It could be blocked or absorbed, but the color never changed to another color.
Fig 8.2 – Prism spreading white light into a spectrum
Based on this he reasoned that (say) a green object looked green because it reflected green light and absorbed the other colors.
Thus white light turned out to simply be a mixture of colors of all sorts of different bright hues.
Noting that light split into colors going through a prism, he realized that light bends going from one medium (air) to another (glass) at an angle, and that the different colors bend at slightly different angles. Going through a pane of glass the two transitions (air to glass, glass to air) cancel each other out, but with a prism the surfaces are not parallel, so the different bending angles are compounded rather than cancelling.
Newton came to the conclusion that light was made of particles (which he called “corpuscles”).
Telescopes (a digression)
A lens in a telescope also has non-parallel surfaces, so astronomers using telescopes with lenses (“refractors”) will see “chromatic aberration” where objects seen in the telescope will have rainbow fringing around them. Newton invented a different type of telescope, one that uses a parabolic mirror to gather light, avoiding a large, expensive lens there; the eyepiece is still a lens. This (“reflector”) is the dominant type of telescope today (there are many variations. That is because a lens is much more expensive than a mirror of the same size and also because a large lens will sag under its own weight, whereas a mirror can be supported from behind.
Figure 8.3 – Keplerian refracting telescope invented in 1611 (an improvement over Galileo’s design).
The practical limit for a refractor was reached in the late 1900s, with the Yerkes Observatory’s 40 inch diameter telescope near Chicago. However, it was possible (with some epic difficulty) to build one-piece mirrors 200 inches across (Palomar Observatory in southern California) and even larger telescopes with multiple mirrors kept in close alignment (or even shifting for adaptive optics).
Figure 8.4 – Newtonian reflecting telescope, one of many variants
The Palomar Observatory was conceived in the 1930s, and finally came on line in 1955. It is without a doubt the premier example of pre-computer precision tech on a massive scale. It weighs two hundred tons yet is finely balanced enough to be turned with a motor that could drive a washing machine. The weight of a sandwich on the right part of the mount will cause it to turn, slowly, but turn nonetheless–that’s how friction-free it is. And it is still doing work. It still stands beside Hubble, and the big multiple mirror scopes on the Big Island of Hawaii. You can take tours in the daytime, but at night it might just be imaging planets around other stars, a feat thought impossible back in the 1990s. And this was 1930s technology. But then on the other hand, it was impossible to talk about Palomar in the 1970s without some dickhead bringing up the fact that the Soviet Union was building a 236 inch telescope. It was blatantly obvious they were doing this just to beat us out. Well, guess what; it turned out to be a piece of shit, so the joke was on them. (Please stand and yell, “‘Murica!!!” now.)
Figure 8.5 – The Hale Telescope at Mount Palomar. The vertical tube that’s basically a latticework is the actual telescope; the rest is its equatorial mount. The latticework’s diameter is over 17 feet (internal diamter 16 2/3 feet). (Note: I am surprised that Wikipoo doesn’t have a better picture than this.)
The Spectrum
Where was I?
OK, so let’s take a look at Newton’s spectrum. To our eyes, it’s a long color gradient, running from deep red through red, orange, yellow, green, turquoise, blue, and violet, eventually getting to a deep violet.
Figure 8.6 – And of course the picture I found has to be read right-to-left when following along in my text.
If you’ve seen people make that statement before you might notice it’s a bit off from your recollection. The colors quoted are usually “red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet,” and there’s even a cute “Roy G. Biv” mnemonic to help people remember the order. (I never needed it, I have no trouble visualizing red shading to orange to yellow…etc.) A lot of people have opined that “indigo,” a bluish-purple, hardly seems to be worth considering to be its own color (in particular, Isaac Asimov is quoted to that effect on Wikipedia). But that’s a modern confusion. Newton was the first to list the colors, and to him “blue” meant the color of the sky, what we call today a light blue, and “indigo” meant a dark blue, like seen on the Flag of the United States. There is even a natural dark blue dye named indigo (I don’t know if the color was named after the dye or vice versa). So indigo wasn’t “bluish purple” but rather “blue” in today’s parlance. And therefore I chose to use “turquoise” where Newton was referencing (sky) blue and “blue” where he said “indigo,” more in line with present day usage.
And indeed when you look at Newton’s spectrum, or a rainbow, there are distinct light blue and dark blue bands; today we’d probably term that light blue color “cyan.” They really are distinct colors even if our language doesn’t acknowledge it. (Other languages do, Russian for instance.)
Rainbows
Figure 8.6 – Double rainbow with supernumaries inside the main rainbow. Note the photographer’s head’s shadow is dead center within the arc, that shadow is directly opposite from the sun (the “antisolar point”).
I mentioned rainbows in passing, and as it turns out rainbows have exactly the same cause. Sunlight enters a small water droplet (approximately spherical) in the atmosphere, and gets refracted. It strikes the far side of the droplet, and some goes on out, but some gets reflected, and leaves the front side of the droplet, getting refracted again, constructively. Down on the ground, one tiny part of the spectrum reaches your eye; perhaps you see a certain yellow-orange color from that droplet.
“But I see the whole spectrum,” you respond. True. That’s because you are also seeing light refracted through other droplets, and you just happen to be standing where some other droplet is sending red. Or blue. Or purple. Since all of the red rays coming out of all the droplets are parallel (and likewise for all the other colors) you see a nice orderly rainbow.
But you will only see it with the sun behind you; the droplets are sending light back very roughly the way it came. Therefore at noon the rainbow would be at your feet (and there’s usually not enough water droplets between your eyes and the ground for rainbows to happen, not at high noon there isn’t), so that is why rainbows always seem to happen early in the morning and late in the afternoon. And of course they follow rain showers because rain leaves innumerable microscopic water droplets in the atmosphere.
Figure 8.9 – Water droplet diffracting light. If you happen to be standing where the red band hits your eye, a lower droplet will be sending yellow or blue or purple to your eye. That’s why red as at the top of the main rainbow, violet at the bottom.
Herschel and Infrared
The next notable discovery was in 1800, by William Herschel, also of fame for discovering Uranus in 1781 (and trying to name it after King George III…yecchh). He conceived the notion that perhaps the different colors of light carried differing amounts of heat, so he put thermometers in several different locations in a solar spectrum. Like any good scientist, he set up another thermometer outside the spectrum as a control. He didn’t expect that to budge, except perhaps in response to the room itself getting warmer or colder.
He happened to set the control thermometer next to the “red” thermometer, and that was a very happy thing.
When he came back to the test area to record results, the highest temperature was on the “control” thermometer. Not one of the ones that actually had sunlight shining on it! The next highest was the red thermometer, then less and less so towards the purple end of the spectrum.
Eventually the truth became clear. There was non-visible “stuff” off the red side of the spectrum that was associated with heat, and Herschel named it “heat rays.” It ultimately became known as infrared (below red). In today’s parlance, we consider it another kind of light, and distinguish it from “visible” light (Newton’s spectrum). It’s just as “real” as visible light, and we try not to be parochial about the light we can see versus the light we cannot see.
Ritter and Ultraviolet
The very next year, Johann Wilhelm Ritter placed silver chloride soaked paper along the spectrum. Silver chloride will darken when exposed to light (the sort of phenomenon that ultimately led to photography). Presumably he was checking to see which color of light would darken it the most, and the answer turned out to be the hitherto-unknown invisible light on the far side of violet. He named these rays “deoxydizing rays” but today we call them ultraviolet.
We now know that slightly over 50 percent of the energy we get from the sun is in the form of infrared, and ten percent in the form of ultraviolet.
Ultraviolet was discovered to kill bacteria in 1878.
The Speed of Light
The first meaningful attempt to measure the speed of light was by Galileo, but he failed to detect any time delay at all; as far as he could tell light was instantaneous.
Rømer later measured light as taking 22 minutes to cross the diameter of the earth’s orbit. We didn’t know what that diameter actually was back then, but now that we do, Rømer’s measurement works out to 227,000,000 m/s.
In 1849, Fizeau set up a rotating cog wheel. He shone light through one gap, towards a mirror, and himself looked through a gap at the mirror. He could alter the speed of rotation, and thus know how fast the wheel had to rotate to let him see the light in the mirror. At the wrong rotation speed the light would be blocked by the cog, either coming or going. So he could calculate the speed of light, and got 313,000,000 m/s.
Figure 8.10 – Schematic of the Fizeau apparatus. The light passes on one side of a tooth on the way out, and the other side on the way back, assuming the cog rotates one tooth during transit of the light. (Caption copied from Wikipedia.)
In 1862 Foucault (as in pendulum, not as in post modern bullshit) used rotating mirrors to get a speed of 298,000,000 m/s, close to today’s value.
However, it also became apparent that light moved at different speeds in different materials. It was fastest in vacuum. (In fact, these speed differences are what cause it to bend when it crosses from one material to another.)
Waves
People were arguing over whether light was made up of particles, or whether it was a wave, until the early 1800s, when Young and Euler showed beyond any reasonable doubt that it was a wave.
And now I’ve got to explain some stuff about waves. Let’s take waves on the surface of a pond as an example. Take a snapshot of these waves, and there will be two obvious things you can measure to describe the waves. First, the distance from crest to crest (or trough to trough—they are the same). This is called the wavelength, and is usually symbolized by λ, Greek letter lamba (representing the “L” sound). Logically enough, it’s measured in meters.
Figure 8.11 – Wavelength of a wave
The second is the amplitude, which is the height of the waves. However, there’s a small nuance here: It’s half the trough-to-peak height, because it’s measured from where the water level would be if it were calm, to either the peak or trough. (There are rare exceptions where something different is done; this is by far the most common, followed by something called RMS [“root mean square”] which is a sort of average deviation from “flat” and is used in electrical engineering to measure, for instance, the voltage delivered to your house.) Amplitude is measured in whatever the field is measured (volts for electrical fields, meters for water waves, etc.)
Figure 8.12 – Amplitude, as usually measured is arrow 1. Arrow 4 is the wavelength.
The higher the amplitude, the greater the energy in the wave, generally energy goes as the square of the amplitude–twice the amplitude, four times the energy.
OK, unfreeze the action. Take a movie. Go wading out into the water, and count how many waves pass you in a second. (It’s probably less than 1 if you’re wading in water, but roll with me here.) The number of peaks (or troughs) that pass you in a second is the frequency. It’s measured in per second, 1/s, also known as hertz, but we haven’t met him yet. We will. When talking about light, the frequency is represented by ν, which looks like a v but is actually the Greek letter nu (representing the “N” sound).
[Side note: The Greek letter upsilon (which has had a bunch of different values as time has gone on, but the consensus is in ancient times it was much like German ü. Today it’s like the i in machine) looks like this: υ and they look an awful lot alike in some fonts, which takes getting used to when trying to learn Greek. Mistaking a vowel for a consonant or vice versa when trying to sound out an unfamiliar word is confusing!]
If the waves are passing by at (say) ten meters a second, and you’re measuring a frequency of five times a second, that means five waves take up ten meters. That makes the wavelength 2 meters. Or, you can go at it from another direction. If you know the wavelength, and the frequency, you can deduce the speed; in our example, a 2 meter wave passes 5 times a second, so the speed is 10 m/s.
The speed of light is invariably represented by c and we met it in an unexpected place, buried in Maxwell’s Equations. For light, we can write the following:
c = λν
(If you have trouble remembering which one is which, remember lambda and length both start with L. If you can’t remember which one of those funky symbols is lambda…well, I don’t know a good trick to remember that, so hopefully you just can remember. It’s easy if you’re looking at the capitals: Λ and Ν, because capital nu even looks like an N.)
OK, back to our story. Young was able to demonstrate that light was a wave in 1800, by measuring its wavelength.
This measurement relied on the light waves interfering with themselves. And that’s another thing about waves I’ve gotta explain.
Imagine an ocean wave approaching a breakwater head on. If there is a wide gap in the breakwater, much wider than the wavelength, the waves will simply go through the gap, remaining parallel straight lines.
But if that gap is much less than a wavelength, something else happens. The gap behaves as if were a source of waves, and on the other side of the breakwater, waves ripple out as if a stone had been dropped in the gap. This is diffraction, and it can even force a laser beam to spread out. Doing it to a ray of sunlight through a very narrow slit was strong evidence that light was a wave; particles would simply have barged through the opening without changing direction.
Even better, what if there are two gaps in the breakwater? Then you have two different “sources” of waves for the far side of the breakwater, and the waves they produce will criss-cross. You can set yourself at some fixed point and find that at some places, both wave peaks (and both wave troughs) hit that point at the same time, resulting in the wave being twice as high there, and at other points, the trough of one wave will hit you the same time the peak of the other does, and vice versa…and they cancel each other out. The water is calm where you are.
Figure 8.13 – The actual sketch by Young of wave interference patterns for waves going through two slits. C and F are where the two waves add together,, meaning the interference patterns is bright here (when dealing with lilght), D and E are places the ripple patterns do not overlap so in those areas the waves will cancel out and appear dark.
Now go to the shore, and some parts of the shore will get very high waves, and others will get calm.
Picture, instead, light passing through two slits, being projected on a screen. You should see bright and dark bands where the waves add or cancel, respectively.
And this was done by Young in 1800, also.
But it was his measuring the wavelength that is key here. He found that light’s wavelenth is less than a millionth of a meter, depending on the color. Violet light’s wavelength would be in the neighborhood of 400 nanometers (nm, a nanometer is one billionth of a meter), while red light would come in at 700 nm).
We can get the frequency (what’s the frequency, Dan?) this way:
c = λν
c/λ = ν
So let’s see; about 300,000,000 m/s divided by say 500nm (a nice yellow color) gives: 600,000,000,000,000 hertz, or 600 terahertz (Thz, tera = trillion).
600 trillion is more than the national debt…well, this week anyway; check back next week, and that many waves go past you every second when you’re out in the sun, or for that matter, basking in light from a compact fluorescent bulb.
If you get the idea that a lot of progress was made on light in 1800-1801, you are right.
Spectroscopy
On the subject of stars, all investigations which are not ultimately reducible to simple visual observations…are necessarily denied to us…We shall never by any means be able to study their chemical composition.
Auguste Comte, 1835
This seems like a reasonable stance. How are we going to get to the stars to take a sample? However, this one wouldn’t age well. (Though oddly enough the first part of this remained true!) It was already coming undone twenty years before he wrote it.
And it almost continued into 1802. In that year, Wollaston (who would shortly discover rhodium and palladium–more chemists doing physics and vice versa) noted that there appeared to be a few gaps in the solar spectrum rather than it being a smooth continuum, but he didn’t pursue this.
In 1814, Joseph von Fraunhofer, working on improving optical glass, would invent the spectroscope for the specific purpose of obtaining spectra. He noticed a dark line in the light coming from flame, counted 576 such lines in sunlight, and noted other lines in the light coming from various stars. He was able to rule out the atmosphere as the cause because the lines were different for different stars.
Figure 8.14 – Solar spectrum with (major) Fraunhofer lines shown.
There are now over half a million known of these “Fraunhofer lines”
Figure 8.15 – LOTS of Fraunhofer absorption lines.
It had long been known that different chemicals could glow differing colors when heated in flame; soon other scientists were using a spectroscope to look at what these colors were made of. They often saw that the spectrum of these glows consisted of a number of bright lines against a dark background; the exact opposite of the sun’s black lines against a bright background.
Talbot was able to tell lithium from strontium by this means. Both gave off a red light, but lithium was carmine and strontium, scarlet.
It turned out that the bright lines and dark lines were often at the same frequency; it turned out that the dark lines were due to something absorbing light, and the bright lines were that same substance emitting light.
In the mid 1850s scientists began to realize that every element had its own characteristic spectra, and by 1865 they were attributing specific bands to specific elements.
Hydrogen, it turns out, has by far the simplest spectrum. There are four lines in the visible spectrum, at 656.274 nm (red), 486.135 nm (cyan), 434.0972 nm (bluish-purple), and 410.1734 nm (very purple). There are a couple of additional lines whose wavelengths are below 400 nm, and therefore technically considered ultraviolet, but some people can see them: at 397.0075 & 388.9064 nm.
Figure 8-16 – Hydrogen emission spectrum in visible light
Most other elements have dozens of lines in their visible spectra.
And now we could analyze the stars chemically, though Comte did have it right in one respect: we were still using their light, because we still can’t do anything else.
In 1868, in fact, a set of totally unknown lines was noticed in the Sun, and it was eventually concluded that this was due to an unknown element. We had no idea which element it was; I imagine that after Mendeleev published the periodic table people were guessing it would fill one of the holes he left open in that table. (There was no known way of predicting what the spectrum of an element would be; you had to measure it and catalog it for future use. Today we can predict hydrogen’s, but others are difficult if not impossible.)
Figure 8.17 – Spectrum of helium.
The element was known to be on the sun (and nowhere else), so it was named after the sun, Helios in Greek mythology, so (figuring it was a metal) they named it helium.
Other elements were discovered through the use of spectroscopes, which would tell scientists their sample contained something new. Cesium, rubidium, indium, and thallium were all discovered this way, and…every single one of them is named after the color of its spectral lines, sky blue, deep red, indigo, and sea green, respectively.
The 1860s were also the time when light was first recognized to be an electromagnetic wave, thanks to Faraday and Maxwell.
Christian Doppler
I told this story quite some time ago, and probably should not have, I should have left it for now. But it bears repeating even so.
In 1842, an Austrian scientist named Christian Doppler described what we now call the “Doppler Effect.” He was working with sound, not light, but it turns out the Doppler effect also applies to light.
Although the mechanism behind sound is very different from that of light, a source of sound still sends out waves in expanding spheres, just as a light bulb (or the sun) does. And the wavelength of sound corresponds directly to pitch: A short wavelength is a high pitch compared to a longer wavelength.
Sound travels through air (or other materials) as its medium. What happens if the source of sound is moving?
If it is moving towards you, at (say) half the speed of sound, then something curious happens. If it emits the peak of a wave at a certain time, well, by the time it emits the second peak, it has moved half a wavelength towards you. So what you will hear a sound of half the wavelength that was emitted, or twice the pitch (an octave higher for you music folks). Similarly if the same source moves away at the same speed, it will emit the second peak half a wavelength further away, so you will hear a pitch with 50% longer wavelength (a perfect fifth lower).
Figure 8.18 – A cheesy little GIF that hopefully will illustrate what I’m trying to say.
This effect was coming to people’s attention because they could hear it in train whistles as the train passed by. Of course the train might only be moving at 10-20 percent of the speed of sound, but that’s more than enough. At first people thought the train engineers were doing something to cause the phenomenon, just trolling the people outside the train, but that would have required multiple whistles at different pitches, and besides as far as we know none of them were ancestors of Donald Trump (though who knows about Melania’s family tree).
If you can determine the frequency emitted, and the frequency heard, you can calculate the speed of the source, but only along a radial line. It’s no good for transverse motion. (Likewise if you want to work with wavelengths.)
The Doppler effect also works on things that sound (or light) bounces off of. In fact this is how the local constabulary’s radar gun works; it knows the frequency of emission (since it is doing the emitting); it just senses the frequency of the returning signal and does the calculation and informs the officer whether or not he’s one step closer to meeting the quota he denies having to meet.
As I said, light is subject to the Doppler effect, and it’s possible to use that effect to determine how fast a star is moving in the radial direction. (Painstaking, detailed observations over time will reveal how fast it’s moving in the transverse direction, at least assuming other stars in the photographs are much farther away, and provided we know how far away the star is.)
Simply take the star’s spectrum and see how much it is shifted. If it is shifted towards shorter wavelenths (becomes bluer) it’s moving towards us, if shifted towards longer wavelenths (becomes redder) it’s moving away.
But wait…a star puts out all frequencies. If some blue wavelength gets shortened by 10 nm, won’t some slightly less blue wavelength get shifted into the position as it gets shifted 10 nm as well?
Aaah, but you see, a star’s light doesn’t contain all frequencies. The Fraunhofer lines are darkk! And we know what their frequencies are “supposed” to be, so when we see them shift, we can measure the red- or blue-shift of the star and get its velocity.
(Typical radial velocities are in the tens of kilometers per second, relative to the Sun which is also moving along with the herd. The true speed with respect to the center of the galaxy is a couple of hundred kilometers per second.)
Sometimes we can even tell how fast a star is rotating! Consider, the side that is moving towards you will look slightly blue-shifted, and the side rotating away from you will be slightly red-shifted. This will cause the Fraunhofer lines to get thicker as they are shifted in both directions at once, though they will also not appear as dark.
Neill de Grasse Tyson (yeah, I know, but here he’s talking about stuff he knows quite a bit about) considers the discovery of the Fraunhofer lines the birth of astrophysics, because it opened the door to knowing the composition and motion of the stars.
Black-body Radiation
Hot objects glow. You know this from watching embers in a fire or perhaps you’ve seen molten metal glowing either in person or in a video.
It’s also what makes an incandescent light bulb work. The filament gets hot; as much as 3000 K. Because it is hot, it emits light over a spread of frequencies. That would be enough to cool it off, because light carries off the energy, but of course there’s an electric current going through it and the filament is a resistor which means there’s a voltage across it and, well, power = current x voltage, and power is just a rate of energy, so more energy is coming into the filament as it is radiating away. (Radiating like this is one of three major ways to transfer heat, the other two are direct contact and convection.)
If you’ve ever seen an unfrosted incandescent light burning, that dinky little filament is bright. How bright it is, per surface area, is a direct consequence of its temperature. Imagine looking at a molten blob of metal at that temperature; it’d be very bright, every square millimeter of it putting out as much light as a square millimeter of the filament (which might not even have one square millimeter of surface area).
As it turns out a perfectly black object will behave in an ideal manner, so this is called black-body radiation.
Another thing that turns out to depend directly on the temperature is where the “peak” of the curve is. For some reason, the glow isn’t just done at any old frequency, there’s a distinct distribution, which is why objects that are glowing from the heat can be colored from red (relatively cool) to orange to white, and even blue. (That requires a temperature so high that you’ve probably never seen anything glowing blue hot…other, that is, than many stars in the night sky.)
Figure 8.19 – Color of the glow of a hot object versus its temperature in K. The sun comes in at about 6000 K.
Figure 8.20 – Black body spectral curves versus temperature. An elaborate classical theory gives the curve shown in black for 5000K, which of course doesn’t resemble the blue line very much.
Scientists were unable to explain why the curve didn’t just go higher and higher into the ultraviolet, rather than displaying the distinct hump you see here.
But one thing that should be plain, is that a 5000 K “white hot” body emits far, far more radiation than a 3000 K “red hot” body. At every single wavelength, even the red ones, the white hot object far outshines the red hot one. In fact, it turns out that the total emission goes up as the fourth power of the temperature: Double the temperature, increase the emission by 2x2x2x2 = 16 times!
Michelson and Morley
Albert Michelson was fascinated by light and experimented on it a lot. He pioneered the use of the interferometer…and I’m not going to try to explain how it works in brief, other than it splits a beam of light and sends one half at a ninety degree angle to the first. Both parts of the beam reflect off mirrors and meet at a detector. Do the waves constructively or destructively interfere? If destructive, you can shift one of the mirrors slightly to get constructive interference, and the distance you shifted is half a wavelength (so one can measure the wavelength of light by this means).
Link here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelson_interferometer
If you get the thing set up so the two beams constructively interfere, you can rotate the entire apparatus 45 degrees to see if that changes due to, say, the light travelling at a different speed in that direction, because we (riding along on planet Earth) are moving through the medium through which the waves propagate.
If you were to try a similar experiment with sound on a moving platform, it would appear to move slower when measured in the direction you’re traveling, faster when measured backwards in the direction you’re getting farther from, and in the middle somewhere, just about at the rest velocity, to the sides. That’s because you are moving through the air that sound propagates through.
In 1887 Michelson and Morley built a very accurate interferometer, isolated it from vibration as best they could, and decided to try to detect our velocity through the medium it was presumed to move through, known as the aether.
And got nothing. We weren’t moving through the medium, and that was true no matter when we took the measurement, or where. At different times of the year the earth ought to be moving in different directions, so we should see something sometime even if the aether were moving along with the earth at one time of the year.
But nothing. Apparently the speed of light didn’t depend on how much the observer was moving; it was dead constant (in a vacuum).
Hertz and Radio
There is just one more story, before we assume the runner’s crouch in preparation for dashing across the 1895 line next week.
Heinrich Hertz (1857-1894, yes he didn’t even live to see 40) was looking for a topic for his doctoral thesis and noted the claim made by Maxwell in 1864 that light was an electromagnetic wave.
He reasoned that he ought to be able to create electromagnetic waves of much lower frequency by setting up a couple of long straight wires in line, with a tiny gap between them. By getting a spark to jump the gap he could set up a standing wave in the wires, which would presumably cause EM waves to radiate away from the wires.
Figure 8.21 – Circuit diagram of Hertz’s transmitter and receiver
Figure 8.22 – A crude photograph of the business end of Hertz’s transmitter.
So how would he detect the waves? He’d set up another circuit with a gap some distance away, and see if sparks jumped the gap in response to an electric field–the electric field of his propagating wave.
And indeed it was so! It was 1886 and Hertz had just discovered radio. He was transmitting, rather fitfully, at about 50 MHz, a frequency now used by television. Ironically, he thought it would be of absolutely no use whatsoever.
Hertz also noticed something rather peculiar. It was hard to see the spark at the receiver, so he’d put it in a dark box. But when he did that, he had to bring the two terminals closer together to get the spark to happen. Something in the light, apparently, made it easier for a spark to jump the gap. He put a window in the box, made of glass, and the spark jumping distance remained the same, no matter how bright the light was.
When he use quartz, instead of glass, he could move the terminals further apart again.
What was the difference? Glass blocks ultraviolet light. Quartz does not.
So there is something about ultraviolet waves that gives the electrical fluid in the receiver a bit of an extra kick. But not visible light, and certainly not infrared.
No matter how bright you make visible light, it doesn’t help. If light is a wave, the brightness corresponds to the amplitude, and the energy depends on the amplitude. But ultraviolet had an effect, even ultraviolet of much lower amplitude.
This is known as the “photoelectric effect” and, since this didn’t make any sense, it’s our 1895 mystery of the week.
Hertz, alas, passed in 1894…so he wouldn’t ever know the answer, nor how very useful radio turned out to be.
Obligatory PSAs and Reminders
China is Lower than Whale Shit
To conclude: My standard Public Service Announcement. We don’t want to forget this!!!
Remember Hong Kong!!!
If anyone ends up in the cell right next to him, tell him I said “hi.”
中国是个混蛋 !!! Zhōngguò shì gè hùndàn !!! China is asshoe !!!
China is in the White House
Since Wednesday, January 20 at Noon EST, the bought-and-paid for Joseph Biden has been in the White House. It’s as good as having China in the Oval Office.
Joe Biden is Asshoe
China is in the White House, because Joe Biden is in the White House, and Joe Biden is identically equal to China. China is Asshoe. Therefore, Joe Biden is Asshoe.
But of course the much more important thing to realize:
Joe Biden Didn’t Win
乔*拜登没赢 !!! Qiáo Bài dēng méi yíng !!! Joe Biden didn’t win !!!
It’s sweltering in Texas, but it’s cool in Wolf’s Pub. Welcome back and head on over to the bar. It’s Modelo Time! We’ll get to that in a moment, but aren’t you glad it’s Friday?
What a week. So much news happening. There’s a couple things to think about today. I don’t know about you, but I’m getting angrier by the moment, knowing that fellow Americans are being held as political prisoners in a Capitol jail in D.C.
It’s an outrage. Y’all are idiots in D.C. Do you think we’re gonna be afraid and head into the shadows?
The treatment of our fellow citizens–being held in solitary confinement without bail while y’all try to pin an insurrection on us–is intolerable. We aren’t gonna forget what you’ve been doing to us.
The liars who run our media and our federal agencies (hey there!) may have been colluding to gin up a supposed insurrection. Imagine trying to indict all the grandmas and grandpas and veterans and small business owners in America that make up every-day Americans?
“Revolver News is willing to address the matter directly in the following three questions:
In the year leading up to 1/6 and during 1/6 itself, to what extent were the three primary militia groups (the Oath Keepers, the Proud Boys, and the Three Percenters) that the FBI, DOJ, Pentagon and network news have labeled most responsible for planning and executing a Capitol attack on 1/6 infiltrated by agencies of the federal government, or informants of said agencies?
Exactly how many federal undercover agents or confidential informants were present at the Capitol or in the Capitol during the infamous “siege” and what roles did they play (merely passive informants or active instigators)?
Finally, of all of the unindicted co-conspirators referenced in the charging documents of those indicted for crimes on 1/6, how many worked as a confidential informant or as an undercover operative for the federal government (FBI, Army Counterintelligence, etc.)?”
Y’all in D.C. are fools. And you look it. You’re an embarrassment. For heaven’s sake, come clean while you can.
That Buffalo Jump is ultimately proving to be a failure. Smart people had it figured out from the get-go.
The few good people left in government are sniffing out the stinking mess:
https://twitter.com/i/status/1405023243342282753
BREAKING: Congressman Matt Gaetz calls on FBI Director Christopher Wray to fully disclose the role and involvement of FBI operatives during the January 6th Capitol riot.
“The report in question alleges that federal agents were involved in the planning of the Jan. 6th riot and were violent participants. In fact, more than 20 co-conspirators involved remain unindicted despite participating in worse activities than many supporters who are now serving jail time.
Revolver News explains the pattern they found in the charging documents from January 6th: “In many cases the unindicted co-conspirators appear to be much more aggressive and egregious participants in the very so-called ‘conspiracy’ serving as the basis for charging those indicted.”
The report questioned why this is and whether or not some participants are being shielded from charges because of their involvement as undercover agents or informants for government agencies.”
Just in case you missed Tucker Carlson on the issue: Gab TV
Aren’t you D.C. types getting a bit sick of being made fools of by regular Americans with cameras and the alternative media? Doncha get it? You have been outed.
You people are owned. And now you want all of us to be owned, too. Sorry to disappoint, but we aren’t going to sell our souls, our fellow citizens, and our country out. And we won’t let you overcome us.
WE SHALL OVERCOME!
LET OUR PEOPLE GO!
A MEXICAN IMPORT WE CAN ALL GET BEHIND
It’s been so dee-dang hot in Texas that even I began to hanker after a beer. Modelo is our go-to around here. Modelo has been brewed in Mexico since 1925. The bar happens to have Modelo Especial on tap today. Enjoy!
Back when Maximillian thought he was going to start another empire in the New World (1864-67), a bunch of German and Austrian folks emigrated to Mexico and began brewing beer. The Mexicans gladly took over when old Maximllian met his fate in 1867.
Of course, the inhabitants south of our border have been brewing good stuff long before the Germans came along, but nevertheless, the fine pilsner that is Modelo Especial entices the pickiest of beer drinkers. You can read about Modelo here and here. And for some fun reviews of Modelo, see below (language warning at the second video):
https://youtu.be/wHWynMO4ZPw
Here’s a short history of beer in Mexico:
HOUSE RULES
While the beer mugs are filling, let’s review the rules here. Modelo is mellow and lovely. Good messaging.
Hit the Utree if brawling is your thing. The Utree is also a place to reconvene if we get separated.
ODDS AND ENDS
Bet you didn’t know that Bill Gates grows potatoes, and they often end up in McDonald’s French fries. Erb.
The Anatomy of a Smear Campaign chronicles how they are trying to discredit those interested in Q. They ignore Q but go after those who read/follow Q. Meh. Another failed plot. The socialist/prog/commie/globalists have lost their mojo.
Gotta follow Lin Wood. Man of God. Taker of prisoners. He’s kicking butt with those stupid lawyers in Georgia who tried to take him on. It’s a joy to watch him take down corrupt lawyers. A true joy.
And here’s a lovely video of Lin’s estate in South Carolina. Wow!
(@RobSchneider) June 23, 2021
